大数据在航空系统的研究现状与发展趋势

针对大数据在航空系统中的应用问题,阐述了学术界与航空工业界在航空大数据采集传输、分析技术及可视化等方面的研究现状。提出了航空大数据平台基础架构,对目前推出的几款航空大数据分析平台结合优化运营、优化维护、降低成本、降低风险等方面的需求进行了评述。指出大数据在航空系统中的应用还存在着理念、方法、技术、人等方面的挑战,并相应地提出大数据组织专门化、处理方法混合化、分析平台柔性化及跨界合作深入化等发展趋势。     

双组元落压推进系统应用现状及关键技术

综述了国内外双组元落压推进系统的应用现状和技术特点,结合国内卫星推进系统的技术现状,分析了双组元落压推进系统混合比控制和大落压比高性能双组元发动机两个关键技术,提出了需开展氦气溶解特性、混合比变化、发动机偏工况试车等地面试验研究,为其工程应用提供技术支撑.     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

扇翼飞行器的研究进展与应用前景

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,飞机无论在构型还是性能方面都获得了飞速发展,但是新原理飞机的研制却进展不大。扇翼飞行器是近期发展起来的低速大载荷新型飞行器,它是不同于现有固定翼、旋翼飞行器的新构型、新原理飞行器。而国内对于该飞行器的研究才刚刚起步,可参考的文献资料很少。因此,本文通过国内外扇翼飞行器发展状况的研究,对扇翼飞行器研究进展进行总结分析。首先介绍了扇翼飞行器的飞行原理;其次系统地回顾了扇翼飞行器的提出,并总结了其在国内外研究的进展情况;接着根据扇翼飞行器近期的发展动态,对该飞行器的应用前景作出分析;最后总结了扇翼飞行器发展中亟待解决的关键技术,以及其未来发展的难点和趋势。     

地基伪卫星系统多址测距误差的校正算法

相对于卫星导航,地基伪卫星与接收机距离较近,测距中不涉及电离层传播等误差,易实现高精度测距和定位。但由于地基伪卫星位置固定,在信号连续发射模式下伪卫星信号间的多址干扰(MAI)会引起相对恒定的测距误差,针对地基伪卫星系统这一特点,提出一种基于反馈串行干扰抵消(SIC)的测距算法。首先对全部伪卫星信号进行捕获跟踪和功率估计,然后通过串行干扰抵消算法降低强功率伪卫星信号对期望测距信号的干扰,通过反馈模式进一步提高干扰抵消算法的性能。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效改善地基伪卫星系统强远近效应区域内的测距性能,不考虑其他误差下在强远近效应区域内基于码环可将伪卫星测距性能从10 m以上降低到约0.3 m。     

Attitude determination of planetary exploration rovers using solar panels characteristics and accelerometer

In this study, we propose a new attitude determination system, which we call Irradiance-based Attitude Determination (IRAD). IRAD employs the characteristics and geometry of solar panels. First, the sun vector is estimated using data from solar panels including current, voltage, temperature, and the normal vectors of each solar panel. Because these values are obtained using internal sensors, it is easy for rovers to provide redundancy for IRAD. The normal vectors are used to apply to various shapes of rovers. Second, using the gravity vector obtained from an accelerometer, the attitude of a rover is estimated using a three-axis attitude determination method. The effectiveness of IRAD is verified through numerical simulations and experiments that show IRAD can estimate all the attitude angles (roll, pitch, and yaw) within a few degrees of accuracy, which is adequate for planetary explorations.     

一种提高导航卫星星座自主定轨精度的方法研究

针对近地导航卫星仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨时,因无法消除星座整体旋转误差而导致长期自主定轨精度不高的问题,提出了利用拉格朗日导航卫星星座与近地导航卫星星座联合仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨的方法。建立了拉格朗日轨道导航卫星星座和近地导航卫星星座联合仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨的动力学模型和观测模型。利用扩展Kalman滤波（EKF）算法和星间测距信息实现了拉格朗日轨道导航星座与近地导航星座的长期自主定轨。以4颗拉格朗日卫星组成的导航星座与12颗GPS卫星组成的近地导航星座作为仿真对象进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明本文仅利用星间测距的联合自主定轨方法可以有效提高导航卫星星座的长期自主定轨精度。
     

星间链路发射机时延零值的数字标定算法

The traditional absolute calibration based on oscilloscopic observation is not suitable for crosslink transmitter. A new calibration algorithm is developed by using a digital signal processing technique. The output signal of crosslink transmitter and the pulse per second signal are sampled in synchronization. At first, the delay reference is determined according to straight line fitting for the signal level stepping segment. The sampling data of crosslink transmitting signal is decimated and then phase acquisition processing is made to determine the initial synchronization point. A fine search for the start of the pseudo random code has been processed between front and rear of the initial synchronization point. Finally, the transmitter delay can be obtained according to the sampling frequency and the calibration delay of the test cable and attenuator. Compared with the oscilloscopic observation method, the analysis and test results show that the proposed technique has overcome the faults caused by whole chip ambiguity and the calibration accuracy can be improved by an order of magnitude.     

星地动态双向时间同步与测距算法

针对卫星运动对星地距离和钟差测量的不利影响,提出一种基于最小二乘拟合的星地动态双向时间同步与测距算法。在建立星地可视模型基础上,仿真了MEO运动卫星与地面时间同步站之间星地距离的变化规律,分析了卫星运动对星地双向时间同步与测距的主要不利影响。该算法首先利用星地双向时间同步数据分别生成星地距离和钟差拟合多项式,然后联合求解出运动卫星误差最小的星地距离与钟差。实验结果表明了该算法的合理性和科学性,在包含仿真误差的条件下,其时间同步精度优于3ns,测距精度优于3m。将其应用到各种空天应用系统的星地时间同步与测距中,可以消除卫星运动对双向时间同步与测距的不利影响,提高时间同步与测距精度。     

“高分一号”卫星遥感成像特性

“高分一号”（GF-1）卫星是中国高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项的首发星。为保证广大用户更好地应用该卫星数据,文章从卫星轨道特性、观测与接收、成像几何特性、时间特性等方面,论述了该卫星的区域连片覆盖、谱段时相对齐和辅助数据应用的结果。给出了 GF-1卫星构像方程所需要成像时刻、GPS 定位、星敏定姿数据的插值实例,基于卫星设计角度阐述了面向应用的 GF-1卫星遥感成像及处理特性。