低速风洞旋转流场下滚转振荡动导数试验技术研究

介绍了中国航空工业空气动力研究院自主开发的旋转流场下单自由度振荡系统及相应的试验技术。尾旋特性分析及预测时所使用的动导数通常是在常规流场中获得的,测得的动导数没有体现旋转流场的影响。该项试验技术通过在旋转流场中进行强迫振荡运动来获取飞机尾旋过程中的动稳定性导数,实现了对流动的真实模拟。在FL-8风洞中采用某型号飞机的动导模型进行了旋转流场下滚转振荡试验研究,对试验数据进行简单分析。分析结果表明：该系统试验性能稳定,试验数据可靠,可以有效的应用于现代飞机的振荡尾旋和飘叶式尾旋过器的气动力特性研究和预测。     

弹性转动约束复合材料层合板的弯曲

本文运用Ｒｅｄｄｙ＾［１］的高阶位移模式剪切变形理论,得出了具有弹性转动约束边界条件的正交对称铺设层合板的弯曲解。利用稀疏矩阵技术求解大型稀疏线性方程组。同三维弹性理论解相比,本方法所产生的误差很小。     

非比例循环加载条件下砂土的变形特性

采用香港科技大学的空心圆柱扭剪仪对砂土进行了剪应力幅值和应力主轴耦合循环变化的非比例加载排水试验.试验控制条件为:在剪应力幅值周期性变化的同时应力主轴相对试样的沉积方向在0°~180°之间循环旋转.着重分析了这一复杂非比例循环加载条件下砂土的变形特性,包括3个正应变分量的发展、剪应力剪应变关系以及体应变随循环周数的变化关系.其中体应变的主要规律为:随循环周数的增加,砂土的体缩应变不断累积,但累积速率呈递减趋势.试验同时发现剪应力幅值的变化幅度对砂土的变形特性有显著影响.     

曲率对旋转态气膜冷却效率影响的数值模拟

通过对旋转状态下曲率叶片模型上气膜冷却现象的流动和换热进行数值模拟,得到了不同主流雷诺数、吹风比和旋转数情况下吸力面和压力面上的冷却效率分布.计算选用κ-ω和SST(Shear-Stress Transport)湍流模型,主流雷诺数Re=3 198.4~6 716.6,吹风比M=0.2~1.2,旋转数Rt=0~0.015 9.结果表明:旋转数的增大导致气膜孔下游中心区域的冷却效率下降,但使压力面整场的冷却效果略有提高;吹风比的增大使得吸力面和压力面上的冷却效率逐渐降低,主流雷诺数的变化对壁面整体冷却效果则影响不大.此外,相同工况下吸力面上的冷却效率要高于压力面上的对应值.     

轮毂旋转对环形叶栅角区流场的影响

通过数值模拟来研究和分析某环形叶栅轮毂壁面旋转对静子叶根角区流动结构的影响.研究结果表明:轮毂正向转动可以减小叶栅端壁区的流动堵塞,轮毂端壁角区的流动结构由三维分离流动结构转变为泄漏涡占主导的端壁分离结构.轮毂壁面旋转带来的叶栅角区流动结构的变化根本原因在于端壁转动引起的叶栅根部间隙泄漏增强,阻碍了轮毂端壁附面层二次流向叶片吸力面角区的堆积.      

Improving dUT1 from VLBI intensive sessions with GRAD gradients and ray-traced delays

Exact knowledge of the angle of Earth rotation UT1 with respect to coordinated time UTC, dUT1, is essential for all space geodetic techniques. The only technique which is capable of determining dUT1 is Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). So-called Intensive VLBI sessions are performed on a daily basis in order to provide dUT1. Due to the reduced geometry of Intensive sessions, there is however no possibility to estimate tropospheric gradients from the observations, which limits the accuracy of the resulting dUT1 significantly. This paper deals with introducing the information on azimuthal asymmetry from external sources, thus attempting to improve the dUT1 estimates. We use the discrete horizontal gradients GRAD and the empirical horizontal gradients GPT3 as well as ray-traced delays from the VieVS ray-tracer for this purpose, which can all be downloaded from the VMF server of TU Wien (http://vmf.geo.tuwien.ac.at). The results show that this strategy indeed improves the dUT1 estimates when compared to reference values from multi-station VLBI stations, namely by up to 15%. When converted to length-of-day (LOD), the estimates can be compared to LODs from global analyses of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Here, the improvement amounts to up to 7% compared to neglecting a priori information on azimuthal asymmetry.     

Gaussian-Hermite矩旋转不变矩的构建

矩及矩的方程因其较强的表述图像特征的能力在图像处理与模式识别中有着广泛的应用,但目前基于具有正交性质的Gaussian-Hermite矩的研究还比较有限.针对Gaussian-Hermite矩进行深入的研究,将其推广到极坐标下复数空间中,提出Polar-Gaussian-Hermite矩;给出利用升降算符计算矩的方程的方法;并利用极坐标下复数空间中的优势,以及它们之间的一一对应关系,推导Gaussian-Hermite矩的旋转不变矩,并给出其旋转不变矩的独立与完备集.实验结果验证所提出的旋转不变矩的正确性,以及良好的数字稳健性.     

Maneuver planning of a rigid spacecraft with two skew control moment gyros

The attitude maneuver planning of a rigid spacecraft using two skew single-gimbal control moment gyros (CMGs) is investigated. First, two types of restrictions are enforced on the gimbal motions of two skew CMGs, with each restriction yielding continuous control torque along a principal axis of the spacecraft. Then, it is proved that any axis fixed to the spacecraft can be pointed along an arbitrary inertial direction by at most two sequent rotations around the two actuated axes. Given this fact, a two-step eigenaxis rotation strategy, executing by the two single-axis torques respectively, is designed to point a given body-fixed axis along a desired direction. Furthermore, a three-step eigenaxis rotation strategy is constructed to achieve an arbitrary rest-to-rest attitude maneuver. The rotation angles required for the single-axis pointing and arbitrary attitude maneuver schemes are all analytically solved. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.     

基于状态观测器的IMU旋转控制算法研究

本文研究了光纤陀螺罗经系统的精密转位控制技术。通过对无刷直流电机传递函数模型的推导,提出了电流环、速度环和位置环三闭环控制的精密旋转控制方案,采用模糊自整定PID参数的控制算法。利用状态观测器实时估计电机的速度信息,无需速度传感器,不仅节约成本,而且减小了系统体积。应用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了模糊自整定PID控制器和状态观测器的仿真模型,仿真结果表明,该旋转控制系统的稳态误差为5″,响应速度快,没有超调和震荡。     

浮动块硬盘磁头抛光机的运动学分析

通过对抛光盘摩擦驱动力矩和导轮阻力矩等影响因素的仿真分析计算,研究了各因素与抛光机运动学行为的关系。结果表明,转速比是主要的运动学行为,导轮的滚动摩擦系数和偏心距对抛光机转速比的影响比较大,偏心距需要和其它抛光因素协调选择。