ISAR非平稳目标成像时间和转速联合估计方法

针对逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)非平稳目标成像,提出基于两特显点相位联合估计成像时间和转速的方法,并得到了转速与相位斜率差(PSD)的解析表达式.首先,基于两个特显点距离单元估计目标转动相位,根据不同时间段转动相位线性度(PLD)选择成像时间.其次,在适合成像的时间段,将成像时间等分成两段,分别提取两段时间内转动相位的斜...     

A uniform anthropomorphological approach to the human conception of dimensional relations

Within psycholinguistics, the dimensional conception of space is described through a variety of theoretical constructs, e.g., frames of reference, perspectives, strategies, and patterns. The objective of this paper is to introduce a uniform classification of the alternatives of dimensionally conceiving of object relations, derived from the functional and morphological asymmetries of the human body which define an anthropomorphous Origo, and from our ability to mentally project the Origo into positions and orientations other than we actually occupy. Particularly, the conception of dimensional relations on the first horizontal line is explained through the principle of perceptual accessibility of objects; this allows for the uniform treatment of (almost) all conceptual alternatives from basic psychological principles. Finally, some implications of this anthropomorphological view for the human cognition of dimensional relations are discussed and underpinned with empirical results.     

低雷诺数下双元素翼帆的襟翼几何参数对其推进特性影响研究

为了研究大型船舶在航行中翼帆对其推进性能的影响规律,本文建立了一种双元素翼帆模型,并采用雷诺平均N-S方程在定常和非定常工况下对襟翼几何参数变化的模型进行数值仿真。结果表明,双元素翼帆气动特性的改变体现了襟翼旋转轴位置、襟翼偏转角以及缝隙宽度之间的非线性耦合作用。襟翼旋转轴位置的前移实际上是增大了缝隙宽度,进而增加了流过缝隙的流体,避免了主翼尾流的流动分离。然而,襟翼旋转轴位置的前移距离也受到襟翼偏转角的限制,在襟翼偏转角为25°、攻角为6°,当襟翼旋转轴位置由90%前移到85%时,襟翼吸力面发生了大尺度流动分离。襟翼旋转轴位置不宜过于靠前或靠后,当相对缝隙宽度为2.4%时襟翼旋转轴位置为85%较为合理。     

基于角增量提取的旋转矢量算法研究

在某些由光纤陀螺或微机电陀螺组成的捷联航姿系统中,陀螺输出的是角速率。针对这种情况,归纳了基于角增量提取的二子样、三子样和四子样旋转矢量姿态算法,推导了这些算法的圆锥误差表达式,比较了它们的性能。     

Detecting gravitational waves from accreting neutron stars

The gravitational waves emitted by neutron stars carry unique information about their structure and composition. Direct detection of these gravitational waves, however, is a formidable technical challenge. In a recent study we quantified the hurdles facing searches for gravitational waves from the known accreting neutron stars, given the level of uncertainty that exists regarding spin and orbital parameters. In this paper we reflect on our conclusions, and issue an open challenge to the theoretical community to consider how searches should be designed to yield the most astrophysically interesting upper limits. With this in mind we examine some more optimistic emission scenarios involving spin-down, and show that there are technically feasible searches, particularly for the accreting millisecond pulsars, that might place meaningful constraints on torque mechanisms. We finish with a brief discussion of prospects for indirect detection.     

一种混合的扩展目标跟踪方法

与传统的目标跟踪不同,扩展目标跟踪（EOT）不忽略目标的轮廓特征,同时对目标的质心运动学状态和轮廓特征进行估计。基于随机矩阵的扩展目标跟踪方法用随机正定矩阵来描述目标的轮廓特征,并且建立了适合扩展目标跟踪的量测模型。为了改善目标机动时的跟踪性能,根据椭圆（体）与正定矩阵的关系,提出基于椭圆（体）拟合的扩展目标跟踪方法。进一步地,为了综合上述两类方法的优点,提出一种混合的扩展目标跟踪方法,能够根据目标机动与否在两类方法中进行选择。仿真结果表明,该混合方法的轮廓特征估计误差低于前述两类方法,质心运动学状态的估计性能也更好。     

Predicting Earth orientation changes from global forecasts of atmosphere-hydrosphere dynamics

Effective Angular Momentum (EAM) functions obtained from global numerical simulations of atmosphere, ocean, and land surface dynamics are routinely processed by the Earth System Modelling group at Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum. EAM functions are available since January 1976 with up to 3?h temporal resolution. Additionally, 6?days-long EAM forecasts are routinely published every day. Based on hindcast experiments with 305 individual predictions distributed over 15?months, we demonstrate that EAM forecasts improve the prediction accuracy of the Earth Orientation Parameters at all forecast horizons between 1 and 6?days. At day 6, prediction accuracy improves down to 1.76 mas for the terrestrial pole offset, and 2.6 mas for $\mathrm{\Delta }$UT1, which correspond to an accuracy increase of about 41% over predictions published in Bulletin A by the International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service.     

一种带移动副平面六连杆机构分支识别方法

带移动副平面六连杆机构的分支、运动缺陷、运动范围等的判别是机构运动特性研究的重要指标。首先,将带2个移动副或3个移动副的平面六连杆机构分为四环链及五环链,引入欧拉公式、三角换元等方法,得到带移动副机构在极限位置（包括死点、分支点）的具体构型、具体关节输入输出关系以及关节旋转空间。其次,将2个链路结合,提出带2个移动副及3个移动副平面六连杆机构的分支识别方法。最后,通过实例验证,得到机构的分支点、死点及关节在所有极限位置的具体角度,为带移动副机构分支的自动识别提供了一种简便有效的方法。      

匀转速逆合成孔径雷达的越距离徙动补偿

针对ISAR系统中的匀转速目标,本文提出了一种有效的校正由目标均转速旋转引起的越距离徙动(MTRC)的方法,对方位向上越距离徙动进行校正。它采用基于PD算法的Radon变换在方位向上得到精确的二次相位系数估计值,然后直接在时域上对越距离徙动校正,获得了更高的分辨率。Outlier-delete算法是一种在时域校正方位向越距离徙动的算法,在高信噪比条件下可以实现很好的聚焦效果,而在低信噪比条件下,该算法会出现严重误估计,导致聚焦失败。本文提出的Radon-PD算法具有很好的抗噪性,通过仿真并与Outlier-delete算法进行性能比较,验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

仪器舱惯组支架角振动传递特性分析

大型的仪器舱角振动试验对试验能力提出了新要求,仿真计算十分必要。建立了仪器舱和惯组小系统的有限元模型,研究了惯组系统置于仪器舱支架上后角振动传递特性的变化规律,分析了线角交联响应特性。分析表明,放置于支架上的惯组角振动传递特性变得恶劣,而且线振动输入下交联响应较大。研究结论对于仪器舱角振动试验的实施具有很大价值。