基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统研究

提出了基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统的设计方法;归纳出通用型飞行控制系统在角速度、线加速度、大气压强、GPS信息等飞行数据采集方面的特点;在无人机的高度控制、速度控制和航向控制方面设计了舵机的控制方案,详细论述了控制信号输出;研究了计算机的控制程序,为下一步的基于单片机的半实物系统仿真奠定了基础.     

Reconstruction of topside density profile by using the topside sounder model profiler and digisonde data

To improve the accuracy of the real time topside electron density profiles given by the Digisonde software a new model-assisted technique is used. This technique uses the Topside Sounder Model (TSM), which provides the plasma scale height (H_s), O⁺–H⁺ transition height (H_T), and their ratio Rt = H_s/H_T, derived from topside sounder data of Alouette and ISIS satellites. The Topside Sounder Model Profiler (TSMP) incorporates TSM and uses the model quantities as anchor points in construction of topside density (Ne) profiles. For any particular location, TSMP calculates topside Ne profiles by specifying the values of foF2 and hmF2. In the present version, TSMP takes the F2 peak characteristics – foF2, hmF2, and the scale height at hmF2 – from the Digisonde measurements. The paper shows results for the Digisonde stations Athens and Juliusruh. It is found that the topside scale height used in Digisonde reconstruction is less than that extracted from topside sounder profiles. Rough comparison of their bulk distributions showed that they differ by an average factor of 1.25 for locations of Athens and Juliusruh. When the Digisonde scale heights are adjusted by this factor, the reconstructed topside profiles are close to those provided by TSM. Compared with CHAMP reconstruction profiles in two cases, TSMP/Digisonde profiles show lower density between 400 and 2000 km.     

大型客机CAT Ⅲ级自动着陆机载设备需求

CAT Ⅲ自动着陆在恶劣天气进场着陆时具有较高的安全性和可靠性,对此类运行机载设备的研究具有重要的意义.本文首先从基本概念及原理出发介绍了进场着陆等级的划分、故障一性能下降和故障-工作两类自动着陆系统以及完成自动着陆的机载自动飞行系统及设备,然后指出决断高度DH和跑道视程RVR对CAT Ⅲ自动着陆机载设备的限制,最后介...     

弓高弦长法测量圆直径的研究

弓高弦长法测圆直径的一个重要问题，是如何选取最佳测量点。本文从误差的传递着手，严密推证了弓高及弦长测量的标准差取不同值时最佳测量点的位置。     

新型三维织物夹芯复合材料的制备及其力学性能

以玻璃纤维为原料,采用特殊的三维织造工艺,织制经向剖面为矩形的新型三维夹芯织物。以环氧树脂E-51、9055型固化剂组成树脂基体体系,采用手糊成型工艺将上述机织物复合制成三维织物夹芯复合材料。对高度为10、20及30 mm的三维织物夹芯复合材料的力学性能进行研究,重点分析夹芯层高度对材料压缩与弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:随着夹芯层高度的增加,材料的压缩强度与模量逐渐下降,弯曲强度逐渐上升,弯曲模量逐渐下降,其中纬向弯曲强度明显大于经向。     

Lunar laser topography by LALT on board the KAGUYA lunar explorer – Operational history,new topographic data,peak height analysis of laser echo pulses

In this paper we review the lunar laser ranging conducted by the laser altimeter (LALT) on board the KAGUYA lunar explorer (2007–2009). Five aspects of LALT measurements are described: (1) General operational history, (2) Laser shot and data statistics, (3) Revisions to LALT topographic data, (4) Variations in laser output energy, and (5) Peak height analysis of laser echo pulses. LALT was able to range to the lunar surface despite some troubles with respect to laser output energy in the middle of the KAGUYA mission. The time series topographic data set was revised (Ver. 2) by incorporating new lunar gravity model based on KAGUYA and other historical lunar satellite’s orbit data, along with other improvements, for example by incorporating the accurate position of the laser collimator on board the KAGUYA; however, more than half of the acquired range data could not be converted properly due to problems with orbit accuracy during the extended phase of the mission. The spherical harmonic coefficients and the basic lunar figure parameters derived from LALT_LGT_TS agree very well with LRO-LOLA and the Chang’E-1 LAM model. It is possible that partial failure to the laser diode was responsible for the gradual degradation of laser power (0.835 mJ per million shots) and the rapid decrease that occurred over April 9–14, 2008. The laser power also proved to be extremely sensitive to the temperature of the laser oscillator. The peak height ratio – that is peak height telemetry data divided by calculated ratio – is about 19% on average using the mean slope and albedo data from LALT and Spectral Profiler on KAGUYA space craft, respectively, which suggests the performance of peak height measurement is more than 1/5 for more than 70 km altitude, if compared with calculated one. The peak height ratio may be better if we take the effect of small scale topography within a footprint into account.     

Improved precision of virtual height measurements with coherent radio pulse sounding based on the maximum likelihood method

The paper describes a new technique that improves precision of the virtual height measurements by a coherent pulse sounding of the ionosphere. Proposed technique is based on the method of maximum likelihood that matches expected and observed spectral domain signatures of the signal intermixed with the noise. Computer simulations show that our technique allows measurements of the echo virtual height with ∼100 m precision even at a much coarser step of the height sampling in the sounder. In experiment, we expect an average 300 m precision of the virtual height measurements for single echoes received during periods of little spread due to ionospheric irregularities.     

Storm time behavior of topside scale height inferred from the ionosphere–plasmasphere model driven by the F2 layer peak and GPS-TEC observations

The International Reference Ionosphere model extended to the plasmasphere, IRI-Plas, presents global electron density profiles and total electron content, TECiri, up to the altitude of the GPS satellites (20,000 km). The model code is modified by input of GPS-derived total electron content, TECgps, so that the topside scale height, Hsc, is obtained minimizing in one step the difference between TECiri and TECgps observation. The topside basis scale height, Hsc, presents the distance in km above the peak height at which the peak plasma density, NmF2, decays by a factor of e (∼2.718). The ionosonde derived F2 layer peak density and height and GPS-derived TECgps data are used with IRI-Plas code during the main phase of more than 100 space weather storms for a period of 1999–2006. Data of seven stations are used for the analysis, and data from five other stations served as testing database. It is found that the topside basis scale height is growing (depressing) when the peak electron density (critical frequency foF2) and electron content are decreased (increased) compared to the median value, and vice versa. Relative variability of the scale height, rHsc, and the instantaneous Hsc are inferred analytically in a function of the instantaneous foF2, median fmF2 and median Hmsc avoiding a reference to geomagnetic indices. Results of validation suggest reliability of proposed algorithm for implementation in an operational mode.     

不同再入高度下高超飞行器流场数值仿真

基于轴对称N-S方程和7组分18化学反应对20~90 km再入高度下RAMC-Ⅱ飞行器周围流场进行数值模拟,并对算法进行验证。计算了电子密度分布,同时给出了不同再入高度下的碰撞频率、平均温度及总压强分布。通过分析得出电子密度随再入高度的增加先增加后减小,同一再入高度下电子密度沿轴向方向减小,沿着垂直于飞行器表面方向符合高斯分布。最大碰撞频率随着再入高度增加而减小,同一再入高度下沿轴向方向减小。同一再入高度下最大平均温度沿着轴向距离逐渐减小。最大总压强随着再入高度的增加而减小,同一再入高度下最大总压强沿着轴向距离逐渐减小。      

低压涡轮导叶内环结构设计

为实现低压涡轮导叶内环初步方案快速设计、降低低压涡轮工作叶片冷气相对总温和提高冷却效率,以某型低压涡轮导叶内环为研究对象,提出了 1 种基于等熵过程的低压涡轮导叶内环设计方法和流程,并采用 3 维数值仿真方法对设计结果进行了分析和验证,得到了不同预旋喷嘴径向高度对转、静子腔内的流动影响规律。结果表明:提出的低压涡轮导叶内环设计方法和流程能够满足初步方案的设计要求;预旋喷嘴的径向高度对工作叶片和涡轮盘表面的相对总温影响较大,工程上需综合考虑。