基于Monte Carlo的聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜多物理场耦合分析方法

聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(XPT)是涉及光学、机械学、热学等多学科的复杂航天载荷,多物理场耦合分析对提高其在轨性能和可靠性至关重要。传统的光机热多场耦合分析(MCA)方法并不能考虑X射线能量及其反射率信息,而且存在学科间数据传递困难的问题。为此,首先基于Monte Carlo和X射线全反射理论提出了一种高效的多物理场耦合分析方法。该方法同时考虑X射线能量和反射率两大特征信息,基于有限元分析(FEA)法建立了XPT热-结构物理场耦合方程和有限元分析模型,针对不同工况进行热分析、结构分析以及热-结构物理场耦合分析。其次,采用Construction Geometry函数分别提取不同工况下光学镜头面形的形变量,并基于多项式函数对变形后的镜头面形进行拟合和误差分析。然后,基于所提方法对变形后的光学系统聚焦性能进行分析与评价,得到镜头形变对XPT光学聚焦性能的影响规律。最后,以多层嵌套的XPT为例,对不同视场角和形变的X射线光学系统聚焦性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在全视场时热-结构耦合形变、热形变及结构形变导致XPT聚焦性能分别下降30.01%,14.35%和7.85%,弥散斑均方根依次为2.9143 mm,2.6038 mm,2.5311 mm。通过与试验结果对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,可用于XPT的可靠性设计。     

Streamwise-body-force-model for rapid simulation combining internal and external flow fields

A streamwise-body-force-model (SBFM) is developed and applied in the overall flow simulation for the distributed propulsion system, combining internal and external flow fields. In view of axial stage effects, fan or compressor effects could be simplified as body forces along the streamline. These body forces which are functions of local parameters could be added as source terms in Navier-Stokes equations to replace solid boundary conditions of blades and hubs. The val-idation of SBFM with uniform inlet and distortion inlet of compressors shows that pressure perfor-mance characteristics agree well with experimental data. A three-dimensional simulation of the integration configuration, via a blended wing body aircraft with a distributed propulsion system using the SBFM, has been completed. Lift coefficient and drag coefficient agree well with wind tun-nel test results. Results show that to reach the goal of rapid integrated simulation combining inter-nal and external flow fields, the computational fluid dynamics method based on SBFM is reasonable.     

MF-1弹道设计与蒙特卡罗飞行仿真

MF-1是我国的首次高超声速空气动力学基础问题研究模型飞行试验。本文研究建立了MF-1试验飞行器弹道设计与拉偏仿真数学模型,开展了MF-1弹道设计和拉偏仿真计算。对结果分析表明,对于MF-1这类无控飞行器,某些条件下可能在飞行过程中发生滚转共振现象,导致飞行总迎角迅速发散,气动过载显著增加,飞行弹道严重偏离设计弹道,甚至可能出现解体风险。通过严格控制飞行器加工和安装偏差,有助于降低滚转共振发生概率。     

基于有限元法的输液管路稳定性可靠性研究

为分析航空发动机空间管路系统的稳定性可靠性问题,提出了一种采用有限元法和蒙特卡洛法相结合的分析方法。方法中采用有限元法建立空间管路系统流固耦合模型,定义了稳定性失稳的极限状态函数,采用蒙特卡洛法进行稳定性可靠度计算。典型工程算例的计算结果表明:给定流体流速的均值,发散失稳的概率随流体流速的变异系数可能增加或减小;给定流体流速的变异系数,随流体流速均值的增加,管路系统稳定性极限状态函数由服从连续概率密度函数变为服从混合概率密度函数。研究结果对于航空发动机输液管路的稳定性可靠性设计和评估具有参考价值。      

基于对数正态分布的多部位疲劳结构的疲劳寿命预测方法

以实现多部位疲劳结构的寿命预测为目的,基于概率累积损伤法则,推导了基于寿命服从对数正态分布的概率疲劳寿命预测方法。根据损伤临界值与应力水平无关这一前提条件,将损伤临界值由传统确定性的值1转换为随机变量,累积损伤由确定性的中值损伤计算,建立了"中值累积损伤-概率损伤临界值"干涉模型。当对数寿命标准差恒定时,对比了所提出模型和基于Monte Carlo仿真的Miner累积损伤方法的寿命预测结果,验证了模型的准确性以及其方便快捷的优点;当对数寿命标准差变化时,损伤临界值由满足损伤等效的应力基准决定,此时亦可得到高精度的偏于安全的寿命预测结果。     

动态保障结构下多级多层备件配置优化建模

针对作战编队执行长时间、远距离任务期间,编队后方保障站点变更的情况,结合部队维修保障的特点,基于可修复备件多级管理(METRIC)理论,通过计算编队剩余备件分布规律,建立了动态保障体系结构下基于时变可用度的三级两层备件保障模型。以备件储存空间为约束,可用度为目标,建立了分阶段边际优化模型。列举实例,采用分阶段边际算法对备件方案进行优化,对比分析了动态保障结构下和固定保障结构下装备可用度随时间的变化,并采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法对案例进行实验验证。案例结果表明:采取多个后方站点的保障方式能有效提高装备可用度;案例仿真实验结果与解析结果误差在4%以内。模型可为保障决策者制定备件方案提供辅助决策工具。     

航空发动机全寿命维修概率建模与仿真

由于生产制造、运行环境和使用条件等个体性差异,航空发动机部件性能/寿命不确定,进一步导致机队送修率和小时维修费率等运维指标不确定.为了量化评估部件设计可靠性、运行环境、维修决策等不确定性因素对机队运维指标(送修率、送修原因、平均拆换时间间隔、小时维修费率等)的影响,提出了一种航空发动机全寿命周期维修概率建模方法.该方法...     

电推进羽流粒子束溅射的蒙特卡罗模拟

为了研究电推进羽流对推力器及航天器造成的溅射腐蚀作用,采用蒙特卡罗方法对羽流等离子体对材料的溅射进行模拟,研究了溅射的级联碰撞机理,并开展了Xe离子正入射、斜入射Cu材料的溅射率、溅射产物的能量分布以及空间角分布的研究.结果显示,蒙特卡罗方法对溅射率和能量分布的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,误差<30％,但是斜入射溅射率...     

Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.     

Simulation Techniques for Cosmological Simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.