铁电材料研究进展及其在飞行器上的应用

铁电材料是具有驱动和传感 2种功能的机敏材料,可以块材、膜材 (薄膜和厚膜 )和复合材料等多种形式应用,在微电子机械和智能材料与结构系统中具有广阔的潜在应用市场。近年来铁电陶瓷材料获得很大发展,例如弛豫型铁电陶瓷,反铁电 -铁电相变型铁电陶瓷都取得了实际应用。铁电材料中大应变弛豫型铁电单晶材料研制成功,是近 50年来取得的突破性进展。主要介绍了智能材料与结构相关的铁电材料特点及其在飞行器上的应用前景     

磁暴期电离层离子上行能通量的统计关系研究

利用FAST卫星1997 － 2006年34个磁暴期149个轨道的观测数据,分析不同相位上行通量数量级,研究不同相位离子上行能通量与地磁活动Sym-H指数和Kp指数,以及注入的Poynting通量之间的关系,构造上行通量经验模型。研究结果表明：磁暴主相期间,上行离子能通量可超过108 eV·cm–2·s–1·sr–1·eV –1量级,初相和恢复相期,上行离子能通量可超过107 eV·cm–2·s–1·sr–1·eV –1量级,主相期能通量均值普遍高于初相和恢复相;磁暴初相期间,上行离子能通量与Sym-H、Kp以及Poynting通量成显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.890、0.664和0.660;磁暴主相期间相关系数分别为0.858、0.823和0.541。以磁暴主相为例,上行离子能通量与Sym-H和Poynting通量的经验公式为begin{document}$ {J}_{{i}^{+}}={10}^{5.324 pm 0.581}times {left(mathrm{S}mathrm{y}mathrm{m}{text{-}}Hright)}^{1.465 pm 0.340} $end{document},$ {J}_{{i}^{+}}={10}^{6.469 pm 0.798}times {{S}_{mathrm{d}mathrm{c}}}^{0.888 pm 0.703} $。初相期间,由于地磁扰动时能量快速注入,电离层离子迅速获能,上行离子能通量与地磁扰动指数呈现较高的相关性,同时主相期上行离子能通量的增幅跨越两个量级;向下的Poynting通量导致的焦耳耗散是离子获能的重要来源之一,因此上行离子能通量与Poynting通量有较强的相关性。恢复相期间地磁活动趋于平静,上行离子能通量低于主相期的能通量。     

太阳和地磁活动对高中低纬度站点Es层的影响

关于地磁和太阳活动对Es层形成的影响,已有研究所得结论不同甚至相互矛盾.为研究太阳和地磁活动对Es层的影响,对4个太阳活动周期（1970-2010年）高中低纬度站点每小时Es层的参数进行了分析.结果表明太阳和地磁活动对Es层形成确实具有影响,而且不同纬度Es层与太阳和地磁活动的相关系数也不相同.同时对Es层各参数对于太阳和地磁活动不同反应的原因进行了解释.     

微流体流动中的分子模拟技术

综述了研究微流体流动的几种分子模拟方法:分子动力学方法,直接模拟MonteCarlo方法以及IP方法。主要介绍了各种模拟方法的基本原理、模拟的基本步骤、势函数、有限差分算法以及周期性边界条件。并指出了各种模拟方法的优缺点。     

Solitary,explosive and periodic solutions for electron acoustic solitary waves with non-thermal hot ions

A theoretical investigation has been made for electron acoustic waves propagating in a system of unmagnetized collisionless plasma consists of a cold electron fluid and ions with two different temperatures in which the hot ions obey the non-thermal distribution. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg–de Vries equation for small but finite amplitude electrostatic waves. It is found that the presence of the energetic population of non-thermal hot ions δ, initial normalized equilibrium density of low temperature ions μ and the ratio of temperatures of low temperature ions to high temperature ions β do not only significantly modify the basic properties of solitary structure, but also change the polarity of the solitary profiles. At the critical hot ions density, the KdV equation is not appropriate for describing the system. Hence, a new set of stretched coordinates is considered to derive the modified KdV equation. In the vicinity of the critical hot ions density, neither KdV nor modified KdV equation is appropriate for describing the electron acoustic waves. Therefore, a further modified KdV equation is derived. An algebraic method with computerized symbolic computation, which greatly exceeds the applicability of the existing tanh, extended tanh methods in obtaining a series of exact solutions of the various KdV-type equations, is used here. Numerical studies have been reveals different solutions e.g., bell-shaped solitary pulses, singular solitary “blowup” solutions, Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic wave, Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic type solutions, in addition to explosive pulses. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as Earth’s magnetotail region.     

耐高温双马来酰亚胺树脂的分子动力学模拟研究

基于双马树脂固化反应机理,采用动态原位固化程序分别开发了双马预聚与交联模拟程序,以两步法构建了耐高温双马树脂的分子动力学（MD）模型,并对其模型结构、热机械性能与树脂刚度进行了预测。双马树脂在预聚和交联过程的固化反应转化率以及固化模型密度均与实际值基本吻合,证明了动态原位固化程序实现了实验过程的固化反应;同时,从树脂前驱体到预聚体再到交联模型的模拟固化过程中,树脂模型从高黏性液体状态逐渐向高密度网络结构的固体聚合物状态转变,验证了固化程序的合理性;基于双马树脂固化模型的密度、体积变化率和弹性刚度矩阵预测的玻璃化转变温度和杨氏模量与实验结果接近, 证实了此双马树脂模型的可靠性及对双马树脂体系的适配性。     

N2O4在氟醚橡胶中扩散和吸附行为的分子动力学模拟

利用全原子分子动力学与巨正则蒙特卡洛模拟方法,研究不同四氧化二氮(N_2O_4)含量、温度和压力对N_2O_4在氟醚橡胶中扩散和吸附行为的影响。结果表明,随着N_2O_4含量增加,体系自由体积越大,因而增加了N_2O_4的扩散速率。当体系压力增大时,体系自由体积逐渐变小,N_2O_4扩散速率减小。此外,温度的上升既提高了自由体积又增大了原子的运动速度,因此提高了N_2O_4的扩散速率,并表现出阿伦尼乌斯关系。进一步地,N_2O_4在氟醚橡胶中的溶解度系数随着温度的上升迅速下降。所以,N_2O_4在氟醚橡胶中的渗透系数随着温度的上升先微弱上升然后迅速下降。     

An update about recent developments of the PHITS code

PHITS (Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System) is a general-purpose three-dimensional Monte Carlo code, developed and maintained by RIST, JAEA and KEK in Japan together with Sihver et al. at Chalmers in Sweden. PHITS can deal with the transports of all varieties of hadrons and heavy ions with energies up to around 100 GeV/nucleon, and in this paper the current status of PHITS is presented. We introduce a relativistically covariant version of JQMD, called R-JQMD, that features an improved ground state initialization algorithm, and we will present the introduction of electron and photon transport in PHITS using EGS5, which have increased the energy region for the photon and energy transport from up to around 3 GeV to up to several hundred GeV depending on the atomic number of the target. We show how the accuracy in dose and fluence calculations can be improved by using tabulated cross sections. Benchmarking of shielding and irradiation effects of high energy protons in different materials relevant for shielding of accelerator facilities is also presented. In particular, we show that PHITS can be used for estimating the dose received by aircrews and personnel in space. In recent years, many countries have issued regulations or recommendations to set annual dose limitations for aircrews. Since estimation of cosmic-ray spectra in the atmosphere is an essential issue for the evaluation of aviation doses, we have calculated these spectra using PHITS. The accuracy of the atmospheric propagation simulation of cosmic-ray performed by PHITS has been well verified by experimental cosmic-ray spectra taken under various conditions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the simulation results, an analytical model called “PARMA” has been proposed for instantaneously estimating the atmospheric cosmic-ray spectra below the altitude of 20 km. We have also performed preliminary simulations of long-term dose distribution measurements at the ISS performed with the joint ESA-FSA experiment MATROSHKA-R (MTR-R) led by the Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems (IMBP) and the ESA supported experiment MATROSHKA (MTR), led by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). For the purpose of examining the applicability of PHITS to the shielding design in space, the absorbed doses in a tissue equivalent water phantom inside an imaginary space vessel has been estimated for different shielding materials of different thicknesses. The results confirm previous results which indicate that PHITS is a suitable tool when performing shielding design studies of spacecrafts.