基于FastSLAM的绳系机器人同时定位与地图构建算法

绳系式移动机器人可用于极端地形的探测,如陡峭斜坡、松软土壤、高耸悬崖、沟壑等。在运动过程中移动机器人的绳索不可避免地与障碍物接触甚至缠绕。由于绳索与障碍物之间的接触点不相互独立以及机器人模型的非线性特性,经典的FastSLAM框架不适用于绳索机器人的同时定位和地图创建（SLAM）问题。提出基于改进FastSLAM框架的绳系机器人SLAM算法。在该框架中,分别利用无迹滤波和粒子滤波解决接触点位置估计和机器人位姿估计问题,并利用非线性观测模型的无迹变换来简化粒子权重更新。仿真结果表明,该算法可有效地估计接触点位置,同时提高机器人位姿估计性能。     

基于动力学RRT*的自由漂浮空间机器人轨迹规划

针对自由漂浮空间机器人（FFSR）轨迹规划问题,提出了一种基于动力学RRT^*算法的FFSR轨迹规划方法。首先,建立了FFSR的运动学与动力学模型,将系统模型伪线性重构为状态空间模型,并设计了考虑位姿调整时长和能量消耗的加权目标函数;然后,针对机械手初末位置间的障碍,简化避障方法,提出了机械臂避障与机械手避障两层次避障策略,提高碰撞检测效率;接着,给出了多体系统的动力学RRT^*逼近最优轨迹的方法;最后,为验证算法有效性并不失一般性,选取平面2连杆FFSR模型进行数值仿真并用经典RRT^*算法和高斯伪谱法与之对比。仿真结果表明,该方法能够以较快的速度生成可行的机器人移动轨迹。     

一种星球探测六足轮腿机器人的设计与运动规划

针对星球探测,设计了一种具有高度对称性的六足轮腿机器人。为适应星球表面的复杂环境,该机器人具有不仅在机身水平面内中心对称而且关于机身水平面对称的结构,同时能够通过腿部构型的变化实现两种运动方式：轮行模式和足行模式。机器人的膝关节采用双平行四边形的传动机构,克服了现有足式机器人膝关节平行四边形机构传动的奇异问题,增加了膝关节的转动范围,实现了单腿关于机身水平面的对称运动。设计了一种基于指数坐标在SE （3）空间上规划的自适应步态,机器人可以利用该自适应步态在没有视觉传感器和局部地图的条件下,仅依靠足底力传感器和机身的惯性测量单元,实现自主连续稳定的行走。利用该机器人结构的高度对称性,提出了一种倾倒恢复策略以适应星球探测过程中的需求。以Adams和MATLAB为虚拟的仿真环境,对六足轮腿机器人的运动模式切换、自适应步态及倾倒恢复进行了仿真,验证了可行性。     

考虑执行器动态补偿的动中通系统非线性鲁棒控制

研究用于移动载体卫星通信的动中通系统的稳定跟踪问题。选取动中通系统的三轴非线性模型为被控对象,较单轴模型更能准确地描述子系统之间的运动学与动力学特性。在执行器动态特性的基础上,设计了一种具有执行器动态补偿的非线性鲁棒控制器。该控制器不仅能够使系统在载体移动过程中隔离载体扰动的影响,精确跟踪目标卫星,而且还进一步解决了执行器动态特性对系统的影响,更符合实际动中通控制系统设计的需要。最后通过三组对比仿真结果验证了所设计控制器在不同扰动条件下的稳定跟踪性能。     

Coordinated control of tethered space robot using mobile tether attachment point in approaching phase

Tethered space robots (TSRs) have wide applications in future on-orbit service owing to its flexibility and great workspace. However, the control problem is quite complex and difficult in the phase of approaching target, and the fuel consumption must also be taken into account. Hence, we present a novel scheme of achieving coordinated orbit and attitude control simultaneously for the TSR. Space tether, which can provide greater force compared with the thruster force, is used in the design of the orbit and attitude coordinated controller. A coordinated control mechanism is designed to provide attitude control torques of the pitch and yaw motions by adjusting the position of the mobile tether attachment point, while the roll motion is stabilized by the thruster. In order to guarantee this mechanism to work properly, constant tether tension strategies are utilized to plan an optimal approaching trajectory which is tracked by the coordinated controller of tether force and thruster force. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of our proposed coordinated control scheme for TSR in the approaching phase. Furthermore, fuel consumption of the orbit and attitude control are both significantly reduced compared with traditional thruster control.     

机器人在轨装配无标定视觉伺服对准方法

针对在轨装配过程中机器人"手眼"关系无法进行有效标定及机器人系统和被操作物惯性参数不定的情况,在传统的无标定视觉伺服基础上设计了深度估计器,基于机器人和图像运动的测量数据在线估计目标特征的深度值,并在机器人关节控制环中设计滑模控制器实时控制机器人关节运动,根据反馈图像信息纠正系统误差完成对准跟踪,通过仿真验证了方法的有效性。所提的无标定视觉伺服对准方法使机器人在装配过程中免去了复杂的"手眼"关系的标定程序,克服了机器人系统及被操作物惯性参数不确定性给装配精度造成的影响,提高了"手眼协调"的鲁棒性,保证机器人能够在复杂的太空环境下完成在轨装配任务。     

Review of in-space assembly technologies

With the rapid development of space technology and the increasing demand for space missions, the traditional spacecraft manufacturing, deployment and launch methods have been unable to meet existing needs. In-space assembly (ISA) technologies can effectively adapt to the assembly of large space structures, improve spacecraft performance, and reduce operating costs. In this paper, the development and technologies for ISA are reviewed. ISA is classified from multiple angles, and the research status of ISA is shown clearly through the visual mapping knowledge domain. Then the development status of autonomous robot assembly in the United States, Europe, Japan, Canada and China is reviewed. Furthermore, the key technologies of ISA are analyzed from three aspects: assembly structure design, robot technologies and integrated management technologies. ISA technologies are still facing major challenges and need to be further explored to promote future development. Finally, future development trends and potential applications of ISA are given, which show that ISA will play a vital role in human space exploration in the future.     

MODIFIED WEIGHTED GRADIENT PROJECTION METHOD AND RESEARCH TO THE KINEMATIC CONTROL OF REDUNDANT MANIPULATORS

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多指灵巧手考虑渐近稳定性的最优抓持规划

基于抓持刚度和关节刚度、抓持阻尼和关节阻尼的概念,采用拉格朗日方程推导了多指抓持系统的小位移干扰方程并对其进行了模态分析,按照最佳稳定性为目标对多指灵巧手抓持进行了最优化设计以得到最佳的抓持姿态。以 BH-2类人手抓持一圆柱体作为算例显示方法的实用性和有效性     

点焊机器人动态性能有限元分析

应用商用有限元分析软件ANSYS 5.5对SIA-120点焊机器人系统作了模态分析.运用分析结果进行模型仿真,验证了所建模型的正确性,同时指出了样机结构设计的薄弱环节.将改进的设计方案应用于模拟样机的仿真模型,用有限元方法定量地计算出了系统改进后的动态特性参数.