大气层内动能拦截弹的变增益鲁棒姿控系统设计研究

当调度参数快速变化时,基于传统方法设计的系统可能会变得不稳定。针对这个原理缺陷,应用变增益鲁棒控制理论设计参数较快变化的动能拦截弹。首先建立了导弹动力学模型,然后介绍并推证了基于状态反馈的二次H∞性能稳定定理,为了保证闭环系统具有满意的动态性能,引入了闭环极点区域配置技术,最后的仿真表明,该方法具有良好的跟踪切换能力,预期的动态响应能力并可保证系统全局稳定。     

Furthering our understanding of electrostatic solitary waves through Cluster multispacecraft observations and theory

Nonlinear isolated electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are observed routinely at many of Earth’s major boundaries by the Wideband Data (WBD) plasma wave receivers that are mounted on the four Cluster satellites. The current study discusses two aspects of ESWs: their characteristics in the magnetosheath, and their propagation in the magnetosheath and in the auroral acceleration (upward current) region. The characteristics (amplitude and time duration) of ESWs detected in the magnetosheath are presented for one case in which special mutual impedance tests were conducted allowing for the determination of the density and temperature of the hot and cold electrons. These electron parameters, together with those from the ion experiment, were used as inputs to an electron acoustic soliton model as a consideration for the generation of the observed ESWs. The results from this model showed that negative potential ESWs of a few Debye lengths (10–50 m) could be generated in this plasma. Other models of ESW generation are discussed, including beam instabilities and spontaneous generation out of turbulence. The results of two types of ESW propagation (in situ and remote sensing) studies are also presented. The first involves the propagation of bipolar type ESWs from one Cluster spacecraft to another in the magnetosheath, thus obtaining the velocity and size of the solitary structures. The structures were found to be very flat, with large scale perpendicular to the magnetic field (>40 km) and small scale parallel to the field (<1 km). These results were then discussed in terms of various models which predict such flat structures to be generated. The second type of propagation study uses striated Auroral Kilometric Radiation (SAKR) bursts, observed on multiple Cluster satellites, as tracers of ion solitary waves in the upward current region. The results of all studies discussed here (pulse characteristics and ESW velocity, lifetime, and size) are compared to in situ measurements previously made on one spacecraft and to theoretical predictions for these quantities, where available. The primary conclusion drawn from the propagation studies is that the multiple spacecraft technique allows us to better assess the stability (lifetime) of ESWs, which can be as large as a few seconds, than can be achieved with single satellites.     

Hill区域内基于推广的Poincaré映射的低能逃逸/捕捉轨道

给出了Hill区域内基于推广的Poincare映射的低能逃逸轨道的计算.文中的推广的Poincare映射需要在相空间中选取两个(而非一个)与流相截的面,即将包含某个天平动点的截面通过轨道来映射到近拱点的通道面上的,在数值上通过总变差减小的Runge-Kutta方法来实现两个相面之间的映射.捕捉轨道则可由Hill三体模型的对称性直接导出.最后,关于Rhea的二维、三维的逃逸和捕捉轨道的仿真结果验证了该方法的精度和鲁棒性.     

多滑翔飞行器时间协同轨迹快速规划

从高超声速飞行器集群"探测-打击-评估"一体化任务需求出发,针对多滑翔飞行器时间协同再入轨迹规划问题进行研究,提出集群再入的协同形式及轨迹规划方案,基于改进序列凸化算法解决了再入总飞行时间的精确控制问题,从而实现滑翔段时间协同。首先,给出了滑翔飞行器集群的协同策略,将求解模型转化为协同时间的确定、协同时间约束下的轨迹规划子问题。将模型中的时间项误差等加入罚函数,提高了协同轨迹求解可行性。引入飞行路径角预设剖面作为软约束,并通过罚函数与信赖域自适应调整,以避免轨迹求解时的振荡问题,提高了序列凸化算法的收敛性。以CAV-H飞行器模型为例验证了算法的有效性,仿真结果表明,所提算法对初值的敏感性低,求解得到的再入总时间可调范围与伪谱法一致,轨迹规划结果的平滑性及计算时间均优于伪谱法。     

半捷联寻的导引头寄生回路稳定性分析与制导精度分析

对半捷联寻的导引头的寄生回路稳定性进行了分析,研究了半捷联寻的制导系统主要参数变化与各误差源对制导精度的影响。首先进行了半捷联寻的导引头跟踪控制系统设计,建立了半捷联寻的导引头隔离度数学模型及由隔离度函数引起的寄生回路数学模型,推导了隔离度函数最大幅值与导引头系统参数之间的解析表达式,给出了寄生回路稳定判据,建立了寄生回路稳定域与导引头控制器参数之间的约束关系。 基于伴随技术推导了目标机动及测量元件噪声所引起的脱靶量与弹体过载的显式解析表达式。 最后针对实际的半捷联寻的制导系统进行了精度分析,给出了制导系统主要参数变化对制导精度的影响规律,确定了各种误差源信号对制导精度的影响程度,为半捷联寻的制导系统总体设计提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

超声速气流中液体横向射流的气液相互作用过程数值研究

采用Euler-Lagrange方法对来流马赫数为1.94的超声速气流中液体横向射流的气液相互作用过程进行数值研究。计算给出的射流穿透深度、液滴Sauter平均直径(SMD)及液滴速度分布均与实验吻合较好。仿真结果较详细地揭示液体射流喷雾与气流之间的强烈相互作用过程。受液雾影响,射流前形成较强激波,气流依次经过激波及液雾区域,气流速度存在两次下降过程。计算结果揭示,超声速来流可以与射流的液滴轨迹相交,气流经液雾前沿进入液雾区域后,流向往壁面偏折。本文首次发现并提出,由于气液相互作用诱导形成两组反向反转漩涡对,这对于理解两相混合过程具有重要意义。气液相对滑移速度的分析表明,液滴在穿透自由来流并开始转向时受气流作用最为显著,完成转向后气液相互作用逐渐减弱。     

Influence of shock wave impinging region on supersonic film cooling

Shock waves can significantly affect the film cooling for supersonic flow and shock waves may have different influence when impinging in different regions. The present study numerically compared the results of shock wave impinging in three different regions and analyzed the effect of impinging region. The shock wave generators were located at x/s = 5, 25, 45 with 4°, 7° and 10° shock wave incidence. The mainstream Mach number was 3.2 and the coolant Mach number was 1.2 or 1.5. The numerical results illustrated that the shock wave impinged in the further upstream region led to a larger high-pressure region and a larger vortex in the boundary layer. Moreover, placing the shock wave generator upstream resulted in the lower mass fraction of coolant in the downstream region. The velocity in the upstream part of the cooling layer was lower than the midstream and downstream part, which resulted in the less ability to resist the shock wave impingement. Therefore, the upstream impingement deteriorated the cooling performance to a greater extent. The study also manifested that the stronger shock wave had a larger effect on supersonic film cooling. Increasing the coolant inlet Mach number can increase the blowing ratio and reduce the mixing, which was of benefit to improve cooling effect.     

子午修型对1.5级大子午扩张涡轮端区流动传热性能影响研究

大子午扩张涡轮由于子午型线扩张度较大,因而易导致端区边界层分离及热集中,针对这个现象,采用数值模拟方法,并采用正弦曲线对某型1.5级大子午扩张涡轮子午型线采取了8种修型方案,研究子午修型对于端区流动传热性能的影响。计算结果表明,子午修型可以有效地控制端区的分离流动,从而影响着通道涡与脱落涡强度及位置,也影响着端壁及叶片上热负荷分布。在本文研究条件下,振幅为三分之一叶片最大厚度的前凹后凸子午型线有效地减弱了脱落涡引起的损失,进而使整体总压损失减小6.06%,并可以减弱端壁及叶片传热集中,使叶片最大热负荷减轻21%。     

风速前馈与变论域模糊结合的变桨距控制

针对传统PID变桨距控制难以在大惯性、强耦合的风力发电机组中取得较好的控制效果,提出了一种风速前馈的变论域模糊变桨距控制方法。根据功率误差及其变化率,通过模糊推理得到输入与输出论域的伸缩因子,避免了确定伸缩因子函数模型及其参数的困难;又采用风速前馈的方式实现桨距角的动态补偿,提高了系统的响应速度。仿真结果表明:当风速超过额定风速时,所提方法能使风力发电机组的转速更加稳定、输出功率更加平稳。     

远距离支援干扰下的目标跟踪技术

针对远距离支援干扰下雷达较难检测到干扰机掩护区域内的目标,其他区域内目标航迹不稳定的问题,提出了噪声干扰下的PF-TBD(Particle Filter based Track Before Detect)算法和门限自适应的MHT(Multiple Hypothesis Tracking)算法,并将这两种算法进行整合,使其能够根据雷达探测区域受干扰的程度选取相应的算法.研究了不同雷达探测区域内目标的航迹管理.仿真表明,此方法充分整合了两种算法的优点,提高了20%以上的雷达探测区域范围,兼顾了算法的时效性,同时该方法对干扰是否存在具有较强的适应性,对远距离支援干扰或其他压制干扰下目标跟踪具有一定的理论参考意义和实际应用价值.