几何结构对后台阶缝隙气膜冷却效率的影响

1引言在现代高性能航空发动机中,涡轮叶片的尾部往往是高温部位,也最容易受热腐蚀而损坏,主要原因是叶片后部燃气侧流动往往已发展为湍流,使该部位换热强度很大,同时也降低了上游喷出冷气的冷却效率,叶片内部冷气经途中吸热,到达尾部时温度也相对较高,冷却作用也相对较小。因此     

再入飞行中DSMC与Navier-Stokes两种模型的计算与分析

首次提出了再入飞行过程中"小Knudsen数特征区(即[Kn1,Kn2]域)"的概念,并用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)算法与求解Navier-Stokes方程两种模型详细研究了在这个区域中的流动.数值计算表明:采用王保国教授课题组自己编制的DSMC源程序和求解多组分、考虑热力学非平衡以及化学反应非平衡、弱守恒型Navi...     

大气信道对沿海激光通信的影响分析

为利于沿海靶场激光通信系统的设计与应用,研究分析了晴天、轻霾天、雾天、湍流等常见天气中大气信道对激光通信的影响。针对短距离近地面传输特点,利用经验数学模型仿真分析了激光透过率与能见度以及误码率与折射率结构常量的定量关系。结果表明：激光波长越长,衰减和湍流效应影响越小;晴天大气衰减对通信影响最小,轻霾天次之,雾衰减影响最严重;强湍流闪烁效应对误码率影响较大,但增加链路高度和选择长波长激光可减小影响。     

横流中喷雾掺混流场结构研究

为了获得有限空间内喷雾在横流影响下的掺混发展及机理,应用PIV系统测量了单个旋流雾化喷嘴产生的喷雾在横流中的掺混流场,实验在矩形通道内实施。获得了3种喷嘴入射角度和3种液气动量比下的掺混截面流场结构。结果表明,由于射流撞击、剪切和壁面约束作用,流场中形成前缘涡和反旋涡对,反旋涡对对掺混起了主要作用。比较不同喷嘴入射角度和液气动量比下的流场结构发现,随喷雾入射角度减小,两相作用提前发生,且反旋涡对尺度小,更利于掺混均匀;随液气动量比减小,气相作用增强,旋涡强度和尺度变小,更小的涡尺度更利于液滴均匀分布。     

某带分流叶片的亚声速离心压气机叶轮CFD结果确认及分析

为了研究数值模拟结果的准确性,使用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件Numeca,采用Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)模型和shear stress transport(SST)模型对某压比为1.5的亚声速离心压气机叶轮的性能进行了计算,并将4个不同截面上的速度分布等计算结果和实验数据进行了对比.结果表明:S-A模型和SST模型的计算结果几乎完全相同,误差小于1%;整体性能的模拟计算结果和实验值吻合较好,在设计工况点,误差在2%以内,在非设计工况点,误差也小于6%;不同截面上速度分布的计算结果和实验值相差较大,在轮毂附近,最大误差在20%左右,在轮缘附近,部分截面最大误差高于100%,不能真实反映轮缘附近的流动情况.      

Sq(H) field variations at Sonmiani geomagnetic observatory,Pakistan for solar cycle 24

In this study, Sq(H) field results for Sonmiani geomagnetic observatory (SON), Pakistan are presented first time for solar cycle i.e., Solar Cycle 24. Sonmiani observatory was established in 2008 and was included in the list of INTERMAGNET Magnetic Observatory (IMO) in 2012. The analysis of Sq(H) field is performed to examine diurnal, annual and seasonal behaviour of Sq(H) field at Sonmiani along with Honolulu which is used as reference observatory. Both the observatories lie at the Equatorial Ionisation Anomaly (EIA) crest. In general strong dependency of Sq(H) field on solar cycle has been observed. First peak of SC24 was visible in Sq(H) field at both observatories. However, at HON maximum Sq(H) was observed in 2015 instead of 2014, a year later than the year of solar maximum. Prominent longitudinal difference has been noted between both observatories. At HON, maximum Sq(H) was observed during equinox while at SON it was noted during equinox and summer as a consequence of shift in latitude of Sq focus. Phase shift of Sq(H) at SON followed a general trend, that is maximum Sq(H) shifted to later hours in solar maximum as compared to solar minimum. Whereas, an opposite trend was noted at HON which might be due to coastal effect. In case of seasonal phase shift, at both observatories maximum Sq(H) occurred at later hours in summer than in winter which is opposite to the results obtained by many workers. These points need further investigation and geomagnetic as well as wind, and electric field data of other observatories situated at the EIA crest region is required to interpret the Sq(H) phase shift extensively.     

Unequal-thickness billet optimization in transitional region during isothermal local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web component using response surface method

Avoiding the folding defect and improving the die filling capability in the transitional region are desired in isothermal local loading forming of a large-scale Ti-alloy rib-web component (LTRC). To achieve a high-precision LTRC, the folding evolution and die filling process in the transitional region were investigated by 3D finite element simulation and experiment using an equal-thickness billet (ETB). It is found that the initial volume distribution in the second-loading region can greatly affect the amount of material transferred into the first-loading region during the second-loading step, and thus lead to the folding defect. Besides, an improper initial volume distribution results in non-concurrent die filling in the cavities of ribs after the second-loading step, and then causes die underfilling. To this end, an unequal-thickness billet (UTB) was employed with the initial volume distribution optimized by the response surface method (RSM). For a certain eigenstructure, the critical value of the percentage of transferred material determined by the ETB was taken as a constraint condition for avoiding the folding defect in the UTB optimization process, and the die underfilling rate was considered as the optimization objective. Then, based on the RSM models of the percentage of transferred material and the die underfilling rate, non-folding parameter combinations and optimum die filling were achieved. Lastly, an optimized UTB was obtained and verified by the simulation and experiment.     

Second order experimental statistics of rain attenuation at Ka band in a tropical location

Some second order rain attenuation statistics such as fade duration and fade slope are investigated on the basis of experimental measurements of received signals using the GSAT-14 satellite beacon signal at 20.2 GHz for three years (2014–2016) over the tropical location Ahmedabad (23.02 ⁰E, 72.51⁰N), India with an Elevation angle of 63⁰. Existing models of fade duration are compared with experimental data in this study and exponent of power law model of fade duration at Ka band is further explored. A new model for fade duration for Ka band for tropical locations is proposed where the constant of exponent of attenuation in the power law is found to be 0.143 instead of 0.055 used in ITU-R. Other relevant parameters for implementation of fade mitigation technique to prevent the link outage like cumulative distribution of signal fade rate, maximum and minimum fade rise and fade fall are also studied. Fade slope asymmetry over tropical region is also investigated. Keeping in view of exploiting the commercial launch of Ka band in Indian region there is an urgent need for validation of the existing models of fade slope (specially looking into fade symmetry) and fade duration. It will help the SATCOM (Satellite Communication) link designer to improve closed loop fade mitigation technique to minimize the possible link failure/link outage over the tropical region.     

现实真比例导引拦截任意机动目标捕获区域

主动机动突防技术的发展给大气层外动能拦截带来了严重困难。假设目标机动加速度方向垂直于弹目视线、形式任意且有界，分析了用于大气层外拦截制导的现实真比例导引律（RTPN）对该任意机动目标的捕获区域。首先在考虑拦截器存在机动过载饱和限制的情况下，推导了比例导引系数的选择范围，可使RTPN的制导指令加速度在拦截过程中不超过拦截器饱和过载；其次基于不等式分析方法，在不考虑拦截器过载限制时，推导了RTPN对任意机动目标的捕获区域；然后结合拦截器机动过载限制，推导了RTPN对任意机动目标的更加实用的捕获区域；最后通过数值仿真算例，验证了所提出的理论。     

跨流区超低轨航天器快速气动力计算方法

超低轨飞行器常工作在过渡流区中,过渡流区中气动特性多变,建模困难,目前缺少较好的快速气动力计算方法。在面元法的基础上,提出了设计迎风单元筛选算法与logistics-log桥函数,对连续流区与自由流区结果进行加权,实现超低轨卫星的气动力估算。在方法验证中,对圆柱与钝头双楔体在宽努森数(Kn)范围下的气动力进行测算,发现结果与直接模拟蒙特卡洛法(DSMC)数据一致。对典型超低轨飞行器地球重力场和海洋环流探测卫星(GOCE)的气动力进行分析,发现GOCE随着姿态变化阻力变化明显,需要舵面或陀螺仪进行姿态控制;在不同高度下的阻力量级变化大,在超低轨运行时需要动力系统维持高度。