单星无源探测弹道导弹射向估计新方法

天基预警系统是国家战略预警系统的重要组成部分,而单星探测预警是天基预警系统发展必经历程和重要环节,传统方法基于标准弹道模板先验信息支持,但标准弹道模板信息难以获取,无法实际应用.本文主要讨论在没有标准弹道模板先验信息支持的情况下,单颗预警卫星能否及早给出导弹射向估计的问题.通过建立弹道导弹飞行的动量模型和弹道平面切割模型,本文提出了基于单颗预警卫星观测视线对来袭导弹射向的估计算法,回答了单颗预警卫星观测情况下如何给出射向信息的问题,仿真计算结果表明,本文方法对于引导地基预警系统具有较高的精度和实用价值,本文方法亦可应用于各类单站无源探测(预警雷达,中低轨、大椭圆预警卫星等)的方位信息估计与空间目标机动的识别等问题.     

A novel target detection approach based on adaptive radar waveform design

To resolve problems of complicated clutter, fast-varying scenes, and low signal-clutterratio (SCR) in application of target detection on sea for space-based radar (SBR), a target detection approach based on adaptive waveform design is proposed in this paper. Firstly, complicated sea clutter is modeled as compound Gaussian process, and a target is modeled as some scatterers with Gaussian reflectivity. Secondly, every dwell duration of radar is divided into several sub-dwells. Regular linear frequency modulated pulses are transmitted at Sub-dwell 1, and the received signal at this sub-dwell is used to estimate clutter covariance matrices and pre-detection. Estimated matrices are updated at every following sub-dwell by multiple particle filtering to cope with fast-varying clutter scenes of SBR. Furthermore, waveform of every following sub-dwell is designed adaptively according to mean square optimization technique. Finally, principal component analysis and generalized likelihood ratio test is used for mitigation of colored interference and property of constant false alarm rate, respectively. Simulation results show that, considering configuration of SBR and condition of complicated clutter, 9 dB is reduced for SCR which reliable detection requires by this target detection approach. Therefore, the work in this paper can markedly improve radar detection performance for weak targets.     

美国成像侦察卫星的发展

美国从20世纪60年代开始发射照像侦察卫星,锁眼(Keyhole)系列卫星和长曲棍球卫星是其中重要的代表。这两种卫星可分为3类:1)胶片返回式照像侦察卫星;2)光电传输式照像侦察卫星;3)雷达成像侦察卫星。文章主要介绍锁眼系列卫星和长曲棍球卫星的发展、所用遥感器性能及成像能力等。     

Integrated optimization analyses of aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of helicopter rotor based on surrogate model

Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method,electromagnetic high-frequency method and surrogate model optimization techniques,an integration design method about aerodynamic/stealth has been established for helicopter rotor.The developed integration design method is composed of three modules:integrated grids generation(the moving-embedded grids for CFD solver and the blade grids for radar cross section(RCS)solver are generated by solving Poisson equations and folding approach),aerodynamic/stealth solver(the aerodynamic characteristics are simulated by CFD method based upon Navier–Stokes equations and Spalart–Allmaras(S–A)turbulence model),and the stealth characteristics are calculated by using a panel edge method combining the method of physical optics(PO),equivalent currents(MEC)and quasi-stationary(MQS),and integrated optimization analysis(based upon the surrogate model optimization technique with full factorial design(FFD)and radial basis function(RBF)),an integrated optimization analyses on aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of rotor are conducted.Firstly,the scattering characteristics of the rotor with different blade-tip swept and twist angles have been carried out,then time–frequency domain grayscale with strong scattering regions of rotor have been given.Meanwhile,the effects of swept-tip and twist angles on the aerodynamic characteristic of rotor have been performed.Furthermore,by choosing suitable object function and constraint condition,the compromised design about swept and twist combinations of rotor with high aerodynamic performances and low scattering characteristics has been given at last.     

Comparison between African equatorial station ground-based inferred vertical E × B drift,Jicamarca direct measured drift,and IRI model

The Incoherent Scatter Radar measurement over Jicamarca, together with the IRI model-2007 measurements were compared with ground-based digisonde inferred E × B drift over Ilorin in the African region during year of solar minima (F10.7 = 81). Seasonally, Ilorin pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) had peak drift velocities of 7.2, 3.7 and 7.9 m/s for March equinox, September equinox and December solstice respectively, while Jicamarca drifts indicated 13.0, 10.5 and 5.2 m/s; as well as the IRI model with 14.3, 8.4 and 0.7 m/s in similar order. PRE value was insignificant during June solstice. The PRE magnitude of the IRI-model during the equinoxes is twice the value obtained at Ilorin. The daytime E × B drift peaked over Ilorin 1–2 h earlier than both the modeled and Jicamarca observations. This could be due to the difference in sunset time at the conjugate points corresponding to the altitude of the observation. During the evening time PRE, the respective correlation coefficients (R) for Vz–F10.7 relation over Jicamarca, Ilorin and the modeled observations are −0.5559, 0.4796 and −0.4979. Similarly, the Vz–Ap relation exhibit excellent anti-correlation coefficient (R = −0.8637) for the IRI-model, −0.4827 over Jicamarca and 0.3479 for Ilorin. Annual mean drift velocities over Jicamarca, Ilorin and IRI model measurements respectively are 10, 5.6 and 10 m/s for the peak PRE observation; 15, 16 and 21 m/s for the daytime pre-sunrise peak values; and −21, −9 and −16 m/s for the nighttime downward reversals. The root-mean square (RMS) deviation between IRI-model and the Ilorin drift between 2000 and 0500 h is 4.37, 2.03, 3.71 and 2.42 m/s for March equinox, June solstice, September equinox and December solstice respectively. For Jicamarca–Ilorin drift relation, RMS deviation is 5.48, 2.30, 3.47 and 1.27 m/s in the same order respectively. Annual hmF2 inferred drift over Ilorin during daytime is higher by a factor of ≈2 and 3 at Jicamarca and IRI model measurements respectively; and by a factor of ≈5 for both during the night-time period. The limitations in using hmF2 to infer drifts are discussed.     

Non-Gaussian clutter characterization applied to OTHR using a mixture of two Rayleigh probability density functions

A practical technique for characterizing non-Gaussian radar clutter is specified and demonstrated using Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) data, as an example. The technique employs maximum likelihood to fit the probability density of the clutter amplitude returns to a mixture of two Rayleigh probability densities instead of the single Rayleigh density typically used for Gaussian clutter. This model for non-Gaussian clutter is fully specified for any set of clutter amplitudes by a log likelihood, two Rayleigh parameters, and a mixing coefficient. A 3D plot of these values yields an easily-visualized clutter characterization, as is illustrated using OTHR data. This technique is a demonstration of clutter characterization using OTHR data, but the method can be applied to characterize other types of clutter data.     

FY-2卫星应急章控技术的改进与实现

海上测控系统＂风云二号＂（FY-2）控制处理软件在应急章动控制中存在加速度负向过零时刻计算不准、应急章动控制反弹跳以及交叉控制过程脉冲前沿时间补偿等技术难点。在分析应急章动控制原理的基础上,提出了改进方案,并给出了软件实现的具体流程图。经过＂风云二号＂04～06星内部联调以及与测控中心联调任务的验证,软件计算结果准确,运行稳定可靠,实际控制效率较高。     

目标加速度未知下的导弹自适应滑模拦截制导

针对机动目标拦截过程中加速度信息难以获取的实际问题,设计了一种基于RBF神经网络的自适应滑模拦截制导律,有效提高了导弹制导系统的鲁棒性能。首先,结合空间几何知识,构建了弹-目三维空间相对运动模型;然后,利用RBF神经网络对拦截目标的未知加速度进行了有效估计,消除了制导设计对目标加速度信息的依赖性;在此基础上,结合零化视线角速率的制导理念,分别在导弹俯仰平面和偏航平面设计了对应的自适应滑模制导律,同时采用连续高增益法削弱了系统的抖振现象,并给出更符合导弹制导实现的法向过载指令,利用Lyapunov定理证明了所提方法的收敛性;最后,通过仿真验证,在三种不同的拦截场景下进行了仿真对比,仿真结果表明所提滑模拦截制导律对目标机动有较高的自适应性和鲁棒性。     

自均衡类椭圆函数滤波器

文章介绍了通信卫星转发器中使用的自均衡类椭圆函数滤波器的设计方法,这种滤波器采用了四腔双模列式结构,实现了一个虚轴和一个实轴传输零点对的传输特性。因此,它在带外衰减与带内幅度特性和带内群时延特性之间有了一个较好的折中。对实验室模型滤波器进行了电性能的测试,其结果表明已经达到了预期的设计目的。