Hydrothermal instability of thermocapillary convection in large-Prandtl-number liquid bridges under microgravity

Linear stability analysis was performed to study the mechanism of transition of thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges with liquid volume ratios ranging from 0.4 to 1.2, aspect ratio of 0.75 and Prandtl number of 100. 2-D governing equations were solved to obtain the steady axi-symmetric basic flow and temperature distributions. 3-D perturbation equations were discretized at the collocation grid points using the Chebyshev-collocation method. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions were obtained by using the Q–R method.The predicted critical Marangoni numbers and critical frequencies were compared with data from space experiments. The disturbance of the temperature distribution on the free surface causes the onset of oscillatory convection. It is shown that the origin of instability is related to the hydrothermal origin for convections in large-Prandtl-number liquid bridges.     

微重力条件下部分充液贮箱中流体动力学行为的三维计算

简要介绍一个用于常重及微重力环境条件下，计算充液贮箱中非定常流体动力学行为的三维程序，该程序具有多种选择，提供了一个广泛应用的可能。文中亦给出了对充液４０％模型贮箱中非定常流体动力学行为的计算结果，计算是在ＣＲＡＹ－ＸＰ超高速计算机上完成的。     

THE DGW-I FURNACE A MATERIALS PROCESSING FACILITY IN "SZ-2" SPACECRAFT

The DGW-I is a new material processing facility developed in China, which was firstly carried into orbit in November 1999 by the SZ-1 spacecraft and then in January 2001 carried by SZ-2 into space again, and successfully processed 6 samples of materials, including 3 samples of alloys, 2 of semiconductors and 1 sample of oxide crystal.     

微重力煤粉燃烧实验装置的研制

介绍了一种空间煤粉燃烧实验装置, 用于研究微重力条件下煤粉颗粒群的热解、气化、着火、挥发的析出与焦碳燃烧及其燃尽等燃烧特性. 采用间断式喷入方式, 当炉膛内温度达到设定值时, 将煤粉通过一定氧气比例的空气喷入, 观察并记录煤粉在炉膛中的燃烧过程. 燃烧完成之后, 测量燃烧产物中的气体成分和含量. 给出了利用该装置在地面进行煤粉燃烧实验的结果. 详细介绍了该实验装置的系统构成、工作原理、工作过程, 并提出了进一步改进的方案.      

The effects of simulated microgravity on the seminiferous tubules of rats

Space flight has been shown to have many adverse effects on various systems throughout the body. Because the opportunity to place research animals on board a Space Shuttle or the International Space Station is infrequent, various techniques have been designed to simulate the effects of microgravity in Earth based laboratories. A commonly used technique is known as antiorthostatic suspension, also often referred to as hind limb suspension. In this technique the hind portion of the animal is raised so that its hind limbs are non-weight bearing. This places the animal in roughly a 30° head down tilt position. This results in cephalic fluid shifts similar to those seen in actual space flight. This technique has also been shown to mimic other physiological parameters that are affected during space flight. This study examined testicular tissue from rats subjected to a 7 day antiorthostatic suspension. This tissue was acquired through a tissue sharing program and some of the experimental animals were injected with Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) which was hoped to ameliorate some of the effects of antiorthostatic suspension. The injection of IL-1ra was not expected to have any effect on testicular tissue, however this tissue was included in the morphological and statistical analysis to conduct a more complete study. All tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained using standard H&E staining. The tissue was then qualitatively ranked according to the “health” of the seminiferous tubules. Our findings indicate that 7 days of antiorthostatic suspension had adverse effects on the tissue that comprises the walls of the seminiferous tubules. It has long been known that antiorthostatic suspension has deleterious effects on testicular tissue, however this research indicates that these effects occur much faster than indicated by previous researchers. This is a significant finding because it indicates that meaningful earth based studies in this area can be carried out in a shorter time span. This could result in more studies per year as well as saving money by avoiding longer than necessary animal suspensions. This is especially important as we enter an era when, without Space Shuttle, flight opportunities will become scarce. These antiorthostatic suspension studies indicate that space flight, even short duration spaceflight, may have harmful effects on the seminiferous tubules and blood-testis barrier of astronauts.     

孤立气泡生长过程的短时微重力落塔实验研究

利用中国科学院国家微重力实验室北京落塔提供的3.6s微重力时间开展了短时微重力条件下的池沸腾实验研究, 分析了微重力条件下孤立的单个气泡生长过程特征. 实验中采用掺杂磷的N型光滑硅片作为加热面(加热片尺寸10mm×10mm×0.5mm), 以含气率0.0046 (气液摩尔分数比)的FC-72作为工质, 利用恒流源对加热片通电加热. 通过对实验观测到的单个气泡生长图像及相应传热数据分析可知, 经典传热机制控制的气泡生长模型可以描述其早期特征. 相关模型中经验参数的拟合结果在文献报道的数值范围内, 表明重力对气泡生长早期影响较小, 但较大的气泡尺寸可以提供更准确的数值结果.      

用打靶法求解微重力下矩形和旋转对称贮箱内静液面形状

简要介绍了打靶法用于求解带未知参数的非线性二阶常微分方程组问题. 由于微重力环境下矩形和旋转对称贮箱内的静液面形状能够用一个带参数的二阶常微分方程组表示, 因此可用打靶法求解. 利用打靶法求解了微重力下矩形、圆柱形、旋转椭球形以及Cassini贮箱内的静液面形状, 通过大量数值计算可知, 当未知参数初值选取恰当时, 这种方法是快速有效的. 将打靶求解法与其他文献所用的龙格库塔求解法进行比较, 结果表明, 绝大多数情况下采用打靶法效果更好.      

倾角对涡旋压缩机运行特性影响的实验研究

针对空间蒸汽压缩热泵系统中压缩机的润滑问题,对不依赖重力回油的汽车涡旋压缩机进行改变倾角的实验,研究重力方向对涡旋压缩机及热泵系统运行的影响。结果表明压缩机在0°~360°范围内改变角度时,热泵系统均能正常工作;当吸热量为2500~3500W时,蒸发温度最大变化量为1.3℃,蒸发冷凝温差以及热泵系统性能系数（COP）的最大变化量分别为3.2%和6.3%,重力无关性较好。压缩机的性能与循环油量有关,本实验中压缩机在倒置的角度下,沉积的润滑油与冷却剂一起进入热泵系统参与循环,使其性能略有提高。     

微重力燃烧实验火焰结构显示和全场温度测量的原理样机

用于空间燃烧实验的设备要求轻重量、小尺寸和多功能. 将纹影法、彩虹纹影偏折法与差分干涉法相结合, 研制了可用于火焰结构显示和全场温度测量的原理样机. 该原理样机具有重量轻、尺寸小、模块化和多功能等特点. 通过微重力落塔实验, 检验了利用纹影法测量火焰结构的功能, 同时在常重力条件下检验了利用彩虹纹影偏折法和差分干涉法测量火焰全场温度的功能. 结果表明, 火焰结构分辨率不低于1mm, 火焰温度测量结果精确, 相对误差小于2%. 该原理样机将提升空间燃烧的观察方法, 有助于未来空间燃烧实验的开展.      

LED光谱对模拟空间培养箱中植物生长发育的影响

通过研究在空间植物培养箱中利用LED作为光源对植物生长发育的作用, 并以荧光灯作为对照, 评估LED光源在空间植物培养中的优缺点, 可为中国即将在空间实验室天宫二 号和空间站中开展的高等植物生长实验提供参考. 利用不同比例的红光与白光LED组合光源, 研究光谱组成(红蓝光比例)、光照强度、光周期和气体流通等条件对于模拟空间 植物培养箱中拟南芥和水稻生长发育的影响. 结果表明, 与荧光灯相比, 红蓝光比例高的LED会导致拟南芥提早开花和水稻叶片的早衰. 红蓝光峰值比在3.9左右时, 拟南芥 和水稻生长最为有利; 红蓝光峰值比超过16则明显抑制拟南芥和水稻的生长, 导致叶片早衰. 另外, 在密闭培养箱中, 光强小于150μmol·m-2·s-1时, 增加光照强度可以部分抵消气体流通不足导致拟南芥植物生长的抑制, 而光照强度大 于150μmol·m-2·s-1时, 光强越大拟南芥的生长发育受到抑制越严重. 水稻对密闭培养环境中高光强的耐受性明显好于拟南芥. 因此, 在设计空间植物培养箱的LED光照系统时, 红蓝光的比例选择是关键, 此外还需综合考虑空间微重力条件下气体对流变化影响植物对光的反应.