A simple closed aquatic ecosystem (CAES) for space

A closed aquatic ecosystem (CAES) was developed to study the effects of microgravity on the function of closed ecosystems aboard the Chinese retrieved satellite and on the spacecraft SHENZHOU-II. These systems housed a small freshwater snail (Bulinus australianus) and an autotrophic green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa). The results of the test on the satellite were that the concentration of algae changed little, but that the snails died during the experiments. We then sought to optimize the function of the control system, the cultural conditions and the data acquisition system and carried out an experiment on the spacecraft SHENZHOU-II. Using various sensors to monitor the CAES, real-time data regarding the operation of the CAES in microgravity was acquired. In addition, an on-board 1g centrifuge was included to identify gravity-related factors. It was found that microgravity is the major factor affecting the operation of the CAES in space. The change in biomass of the primary producer during each day in microgravity was larger than that of the control groups. The mean biomass concentration per day in the microgravity group decreased, but that of the control groups increased for several days and then leveled off. Space effects on the biomass of a primary producer may be a result of microgravity effects leading to increasing metabolic rates of the consumer combined with decreases in photosynthesis.     

表面张力贮箱的微重力实验验证--静平衡与重定位

新研制的表面张力贮箱保证在微重力或无重力环境下、在任何时候都能向系统提供不含气的推进剂，因而需要确定液体的空间分布以及在给定微重力加速度下的重定位过程，以便为贮箱的设计提供依据。为此，按照相似理论用缩比模型进行了一系列微重力落塔实验，然后根据测定的重定位时间计算出原型表面张力贮箱的重定位时间。     

微重力燃烧研究进展

微重力燃烧是一门非常新的学科,它研究在微重力环境下的基本燃烧过程。本文概括最近几年刚发展起来的以下几方面的进展:微重力燃烧研究所用的设备;固体材料的着火性;预混气燃烧;液滴燃烧;颗粒群燃烧;空间飞行器着火安全性。最后对我国开展微重力燃烧研究提出建议。     

中国返回式卫星的搭载任务—空间生命科学试验

自１９８７年以来，为充分利用中国返回式卫星的剩余载荷能力，有计划地以搭载形式进行了一系列空间科学和技术试验，取得了较好的效果，文章简要介绍了在空间生命科学试验方面取得的成果。     

失重飞机上进行的电泳分离实验

介绍了用A3—l连续自由流电泳仪在俄罗斯失重飞机上进行的实验情况及结果．进行了4个架次的飞行试验，获得了飞行试验的数据和电泳分离图像．试验结果表明，电泳仪装置工作良好，从分离图像可以看出重力变化对电泳分离过程的影响并证实微重力环境对生物材料的电泳分离是有利的．     

Space radiation effects on plant and mammalian cells

The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on organisms is related to different research aims. The current review emphasizes the studies on the effects of different doses of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on living organisms, with the final purpose of highlighting specific and common effects of space radiation in mammals and plants. This topic is extremely relevant in the context of radiation protection from space environment. The response of different organisms to ionizing radiation depends on the radiation quality/dose and/or the intrinsic characteristics of the living system. Macromolecules, in particular DNA, are the critical targets of radiation, even if there is a strong difference between damages encountered by plant and mammalian cells. The differences in structure and metabolism between the two cell types are responsible for the higher resistance of the plant cell compared with its animal counterpart.     

一种并行式CPL/LHP冷凝器的流动/传热分析

针对航天器的可展开式辐射器 ,对比分析了辐射器内冷凝管路的两种布局方式 ,并利用SINDA/FLUINT对微重力条件下并行式冷凝器内的两相流动 /传热进行了计算分析 ;研究了冷凝器后端节流管对冷凝管内汽 /液界面位置的影响 ,为冷凝器的设计和提高辐射器性能提供了相应的依据     

挡板对液体推进剂晃动力的影响

研究了全尺度重力探测卫星－Ｂ贮箱对于安装档板和不安装挡板情形下液体推进剂晃动的液体动力特性。结果显示,以重力瞬变加速度和重力梯度加速度为作用力的轨道加速度使液体推进剂产生了晃动,安装挡板使晃动幅度减小。由于推进剂在贮箱中上下运动的同时伴随着左右运动而产生了作用于贮箱上的力,通过液体推进剂与贮箱壁面的应力关系计算了作用在贮箱上的力。计算模拟结果显示,挡板产生的阻尼在减少流体晃恸 的同时也减少了流体作     

真空和微重力下烟幕粒子动力学特性研究

为了研究红外烟幕在外层空间的适用性,基于外层空间环境高真空和微重力的特殊性,分析烟幕粒子的真空和微重力效应,采用分子运动论理论近似模拟真空和微重力下烟幕粒子的动力学特性,建立烟幕粒子间距函数模型,利用Mathematica方法计算了烟幕材料粒径、密度及粒子运动时间对粒子间距大小的影响.结果表明,随着烟幕材料粒径及密度的增大,粒子间距逐渐减小,形成烟幕的稳定性逐渐增大;粒子运动时间愈长烟幕愈不稳定.      

模拟空间失重状态下流体桥振动实验研究

就微重力环境下粘滞流体桥振动特性问题，采用ＰＴＦ（平台流体浴槽）装置，在模拟空间失重状态下进行实验研究。实验就不同桥长（不同细长度）、不同位置在不同外界挠动频率下的振动特性针对不同粘滞系数反复进行实验，测试并详细记录了各参数下桥界面振幅随频率变化的数据和谱图（计数据２０００余，谱图８１张）。实验数据和谱图的分析结果表明：①谐频随桥细长度增加向低频方向移动；②谐频和细长度关系是双曲反比例关系。