复合材料层合板宽度尺寸效应的混合模型

研究了影响复合材料层合板强度尺寸效应的两个主要影响因素:统计尺寸效应和自由边效应。统计尺寸效应采用经典的Weibull最弱环理论描述。提出了"废宽度"的概念,将自由边效应和最终失效强度联系起来。综合这两种效应,得到了影响纤维增强复合材料(Fiber reinforced plastic,FRP)宽度尺寸效应的混合模型。引用D Kujawski的试验数据对混合模型进行了验证,结果表明:混合模型能够准确地预测不同宽度试件的最终失效强度。     

Quasars and their emission lines as cosmological probes

Quasars are the most luminous sources in the Universe. They are currently observed out to redshift z≈7$z\approx 7$ when the Universe was less than one tenth of its present age. Since their discovery 50 years ago astronomers have dreamed of using them as standard candles. Unfortunately quasars cover a very large range (8 dex) of luminosity making them far from standard. We briefly review several methods that can potentially exploit quasars properties and allow us to obtain useful constraints on principal cosmological parameters. Using our 4D Eigenvector 1 formalism we have found a way to effectively isolate quasars radiating near the Eddington limit. If the Eddington ratio is known, under several assumptions it is possible to derive distance independent luminosities. We discuss the main statistical and systematic errors involved, and whether these “standard Eddington candles” can be actually used to constrain cosmological models.     

Comprehensive data reduction package for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph: IGRINS

We present a Python-based data reduction pipeline package (PLP) for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS), an instrument that covers the complete H- and K-bands in one exposure with a spectral resolving power of 40,000. The reduction steps carried out by the PLP include flat-fielding, background removal, order extraction, distortion correction, wavelength calibration, and telluric correction using spectra of A type standard stars. As the spectrograph has no moving parts, the PLP automatically reduces the data using predefined functions for the processes of order extraction, distortion correction, and wavelength calibration. Before the telluric correction of the target spectra, the intrinsic hydrogen absorption features of the standard A star are removed with a Gaussian fitting algorithm. The final result is the flux of the target as a function of wavelength. Users can customize the predefined functions for the extraction of the spectrum from the echellogram and adjust the parameters for the fitting functions for the spectra of celestial objects, using “fine-tuning” options, as necessary. Presently, the PLP produces the best results for point-source targets.     

A Fault Sample Simulation Approach for Virtual Testability Demonstration Test

Virtual testability demonstration test has many advantages,such as low cost,high efficiency,low risk and few restrictions.It brings new requirements to the fault sample generation.A fault sample simulation approach for virtual testability demonstration test based on stochastic process theory is proposed.First,the similarities and differences of fault sample generation between physical testability demonstration test and virtual testability demonstration test are discussed.Second,it is pointed out that the fault occurrence process subject to perfect repair is renewal process.Third,the interarrival time distribution function of the next fault event is given.Steps and flowcharts of fault sample generation are introduced.The number of faults and their occurrence time are obtained by statistical simulation.Finally,experiments are carried out on a stable tracking platform.Because a variety of types of life distributions and maintenance modes are considered and some assumptions are removed,the sample size and structure of fault sample simulation results are more similar to the actual results and more reasonable.The proposed method can effectively guide the fault injection in virtual testability demonstration test.     

基于预防性维修的APU性能评估建模与监控方法

当前民航领域对于辅助动力装置(APU)的维护方式主要有反应式维修和预防维修两种,但这两者都不能满足当前航空公司既要提升运行可靠性,又要节约维护成本的期望.本文将着重介绍APU的性能评估建模及监控方法.通过分析ACARS采样数据获得运行参数,应用统计分析获得关键参数以及参数修正数学模型.经过长期的数据分析获得关键参数阈值,从而评估APU性能.     

基于非参数假设检验的程序缺陷定位方法

调查了西门子测试集中的程序失败用例的规模和谓词评估偏差的分布.结果表明,中心极限定理的前提和参数假设检验的假设条件无法得到普遍满足.所以,已有的基于参数假设检验的方法存在潜在的问题.针对这一现象,提出了基于非参数假设检验定位程序缺陷的方法.实验结果表明,该方法在非正态分布的样本集上仍具有较好的适用性,且在缺陷定位效率上优于已有的基于程序谓词的缺陷定位技术.同时比较了基于2种常用的非参数假设检验模型的缺陷定位方法的效率.一种方法基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验,另一种方法基于Cramér-von-Mises准则.比较结果表明,在西门子测试集上,基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验的方法在缺陷定位效率上优于基于Cramér-von-Mises准则的方法.     

Asymmetric precipitation in a coronal loop as explanation of a singular observed spectrum

Almost 10 years of solar submillimeter observations have shown new aspects of solar activity, such as the presence of rapid solar spikes associated with the launch of coronal mass ejections and an increasing submillimeter spectral component in flares. We analyse the singular microwave–submillimeter spectrum of an M class solar flare on 20 December, 2002. Flux density observations measured by Sun patrol telescopes and the Solar Submillimeter Telescope are used to build the radio spectrum, which is fitted using Ramaty’s code. At submillimeter frequencies the spectrum shows a component different from the microwave classical burst. The fitting is achieved proposing two homogeneous sources of emission. This theoretical fitting is in agreement with differential precipitation through a magnetically asymmetric loop or set of loops. From a coronal magnetic field model we infer an asymmetric magnetic structure at the flare location. The model proposed to quantify the differential precipitation rates due to the asymmetry results in a total precipitation ratio Q₂/Q₁≈10⁴–10⁵, where Q₁(Q₂) represents the total precipitation in the loop foot with the high (low) magnetic field intensity. This ratio agrees with the electron total number ratio of the two sources proposed to fit the radio spectrum.     

Driving major solar flares and eruptions: A review

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger M- and X-class solar flares and associated flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic reconnection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that produce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predominantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and eruptions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.     

不确定混沌系统的变论域直接自适应模糊滑模控制

提出了一种用于不确定混沌系统的变论域自学习模糊滑模控制方法.引入变论域自适应模糊控制器逼近滑模控制的等效控制,消除因系统不确定性及干扰导致的等效控制无法准确确定,同时使控制器设计不依赖被控对象的精确数学模型.基于李雅普诺夫函数给出规则参数调整的自适应率,并确定滑模切换控制项以保证闭环控制系统的稳定性.根据滑模控制原理给出4条模糊规则以平滑不连续控制,实现高烦抖振削弱.某Lorenz混沌系统控制仿真结果表明:该法对系统参数突变和外部干扰具强鲁棒性,同时削弱了抖振.