航天发射任务测量船应急测控海域设计方法

针对某些航天发射任务中测量船任务海域纬度高、气象复杂多变的特点,提出了测量船应急测控海域的设计方法,为预定任务海域出现危害性以上海况时实施快速正确船舶机动和应急测量工况设计提供依据,给出了设计实例。     

海杂波特性研究

从雷达距离性能的角度出发，研究了海杂波的一些重要特性，特别是海杂波的反射率及其与雷达波长和入射余角的关系。还讨论了极化对雷达距离性能的影响、海杂波概率分布、海杂波谱等。最后给出了海面反射率的典型结果。     

用于海洋盐度观测的主被动联合遥感器

海洋盐度是研究海洋环流、全球水循环以及气候变化的重要参数之一。L波段主被动联合遥感器可以有效精确地进行海洋盐度的观测。文章简要介绍了L波段主被动联合遥感器用于海水盐度遥感的应用机理与需求,对NASA正在研制的星载L波段主被动联合遥感器——Aquarius进行了重点描述,最后对我国星载主被动联合遥感器的研究提出了一些建议。     

Prospects of sea launches for Chinese cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift launch vehicles

This paper introduces the sea-launch technology of a cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift rocket. It first reviews the current state of sea launch technology, and then gives a brief introduction of China’s New Generation Medium-lift Launch Vehicle (NGMLV). The innovations in the NGMVL, such as responsive test and launch control, a H³ launch model, and unmanned operations, provide convenience for sea launches. Based on these innovations, this paper proposes a sea launch scheme, including the system configuration, test and launch processes, and an improved adaptive design for the rocket. Then, the launch platform is discussed in detail, which integrates the functions of sea transportation, assembly and test, as well as technical and launch areas. The layout and function divisions, fluid filling, gas supply and distribution systems, and lossless storage technology of LH2 are described in order. This breakthrough in sea launch technology will enable China to launch medium and large satellites and constellations ‘both on land and sea’, especially into low-inclination Low-Earth Orbits (LEOs), and it allows China to remain competitive in the fast-paced space industry.     

大连春季一次平流海雾天气过程分析

本文从天气形势背景、水文气象条件等方面分析2012年4月下旬发生在大连地区的一次平流海雾过程;重点探讨大连地区春季海雾的形成机制与大雾形成的水汽来源等问题。在东南风的引导下,暖湿空气流经冷的海面是成雾的主要机制;天气形势稳定少动是这次大雾天气持续时间较长的主要原因。     

Long term changes of altimeter range and geophysical corrections at altimetry calibration sites

Accurate sea level trend determination is fundamentally related to calibration of both the instrument as well as to investigate if there are linear trends in the set of standard geophysical and range corrections applied to the sea level observations. Long term changes in range corrections can leak into the observed sea level record and be interpreted as part of the sea level trend. Particularly if these exhibit anomalous trend close to the satellite calibration sites.     

发展中国航天海洋遥感技术的建议

20世纪 80年代末以来 ,中国就开始十分重视海洋遥感技术的发展 ,从 1987年起在FY - 1A卫星上就加上了海洋水色通道 ,发展到 2 0 0 2年发射了专门的海洋水色HY - 1A卫星 ;从地面的海洋反射率光谱仪的测量 ,发展到卫星上的水色、水温扫描仪 ;从简单的假彩色合成处理技术 ,发展到多要素、多功能的海洋要素提取和应用技术。总之 ,中国的海洋遥感技术在国际上已有了发言权和一席之地。但在以海洋卫星为主导的立体海洋监测体系 ,高精度分析与定量比测量 ,多平台监测数据同化和技术集成等方面与国际上先进国家比 ,还存在着差距。就以上方面的差距出发 ,文章最后提出了建立稳定运行的海洋卫星体系 ,必须从多方面入手 ,提高海洋遥感精度和开发同化技术研究的应用水平 ,提出了有效建议。     

基于单频GPS的单点测浪方法的研究

介绍一种用单频单台GPS接收机解算其相对位置变化的算法—PVD算法的基本原理,针对它在海浪测量应用中的特点,提出基于海浪谱估计的自适应PVD算法。实测数据的处理结果表明,用自适应PVD算法解算出的浪高可达厘米级精度。     

New improved orbit solutions for the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites

Improved orbit solutions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 have been computed in the ITRF2005 terrestrial reference frame using the recent models based mainly on IERS Conventions 2003. These solutions cover the periods 3 August 1991 to 8 July 1996 for ERS-1, and 3 May 1995 to 4 July 2003 for ERS-2. For each satellite, the final orbit solution is based on a combination of three separate orbit solutions independently computed at the Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) of the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), the Navigation Support Office of the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC, Germany) and the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany) using three different software packages for precise orbit determination, but using the same models in the same terrestrial reference frame within the European Space Agency (ESA) project ‘Reprocessing of Altimeter Products for ERS (REAPER)’. Validation using radar altimeter data indicates that the new combined orbits of ERS-1 and ERS-2 computed by us are significantly more accurate, approaching the 2–3 cm level in radial direction, than previously available orbit solutions.     

The challenges in long-term altimetry calibration for addressing the problem of global sea level change

Long-term change of the global sea level resulting from climate change has become an issue of great societal interest. The advent of the technology of satellite altimetry has modernized the study of sea level on both global and regional scales. In combination with in situ observations of the ocean density and space observations of Earth’s gravity variations, satellite altimetry has become an essential component of a global observing system for monitoring and understanding sea level change. The challenge of making sea level measurements with sufficient accuracy to discern long-term trends and allow the patterns of natural variability to be distinguished from those linked to anthropogenic forcing rests largely on the long-term efforts of altimeter calibration and validation. The issues of long-term calibration for the various components of the altimeter measurement system are reviewed in the paper. The topics include radar altimetry, the effects of tropospheric water vapor, orbit determination, gravity field, tide gauges, and the terrestrial reference frame. The necessity for maintaining a complete calibration effort and the challenges of sustaining it into the future are discussed.