Electrochemical trepanning with an auxiliary electrode

Electrochemical trepanning (ET) is one of the main methods for processing the blisks in aero-engines. However, stray corrosion in ET has a very negative impact on the machining quality of the blades. This paper proposes an innovative ET method with an auxiliary electrode surrounding the inner wall of the cavity above the cathode. Two-dimensional electric-field models are established and simulations are carried out with the auxiliary electrode at different positions and different electric potentials. The electric-field simulations show that adding the auxiliary electrode reverses the directions of the current lines in the processed area, thereby protecting it. The results show that when the distance from the bottom of the auxiliary electrode to the top of the cathode tool is 3 mm and the potential difference between the auxiliary electrode and the anode workpiece is 5 V, the area corroded by stray current is decreased. Experiments are performed under the parameter values determined by the simulations, and they confirm that this method is effective at reducing stray corrosion. Specifically, at a feed rate of 2.5 mm/min, the blade taper angle is decreased from 1.37° to −0.09°, the thickness of the leading and trailing edges is increased from 0.307 mm to 0.704 mm, and the average surface roughness is decreased from S_a =8.239 μm to S_a=7.028 μm.     

Broglio Drag Balance for neutral thermosphere density measurement on UNICubeSAT

The nanosatellite UNICubeSAT is described, carrying a Broglio Drag Balance Instrument for neutral thermosphere density in situ measurements. The aim of the mission is to contribute to the development of accurate thermosphere models, achieving in situ, real time measurements of atmosphere density, that could be exploited for global atmosphere model validation and accurate short term (1–3 days) real time space weather forecasts. The satellite is inexpensive and swarms could be easily launched operating as a distributed sensor network to get simultaneous in situ local (not orbit averaged) measurements in multiple positions and orbit heights. The nanosatellite is based on the Cubesat standard architecture, weighing about 1 kg for 1-L volume. Atmospheric drag force is measured by the displacement of light plates exposed to the incoming particle flux seen by the spacecraft, applying the original three dimensional Broglio Drag Balance concept to a single nanosatellite axis. The instrument concept and its relation to the satellite bus is depicted, showing that many long term potential measurement error sources and biases can be removed in data processing if the spacecraft is spin stabilized. The expected accuracy in density measurements is 20%. The instrument cost is a fraction of that of accurate accelerometers. The onboard systems are based on commercial off the shelf components, in accordance with the short lifetime typical of aeronomy satellites.     

基于STLS的卫星惯量矩阵在轨估计

提出了一种采用结构总体最小二乘（Structured total least squares, STLS）进行卫星惯量矩阵在轨估计的方法,与当前估计方法相比,该方法在考虑敏感器测量噪声时能获得一致估计。首先由动量守恒定律得到估计方程,针对该方程的特点定义了惯量矩阵的STLS估计,并使用结构总体最小范数（Structured total least norm, STLN）算法进行求解。证明了当噪声为高斯分布时该STLS估计为极大似然估计,给出了该STLS估计具有一致性的充分条件,仿真结果验证了文章所提估计方法的有效性。     

图解建模方法在提取沟壑密度中的分析研究

沟壑密度是反映地表破碎程度的重要因子,在土壤侵蚀、地貌演变等研究中有重要作用。对于沟壑密度的提取方法目前较为复杂,这主要由于在提取过程中所涉及到的因子数目众多,为进一步的空间分析研究设置了障碍。利用图解建模分析方法建立一套沟壑密度提取分析空间数据模型,对沟壑密度的快速提取提供了一套全新的解决方案。最后,以四川省数据为例,采用该分析方法提取出了四川省沟壑密度数据,为进一步研究四川省地形地貌特征奠定了基础。     

电子束熔丝沉积快速制造成型技术与组织特征

利用电子束熔丝沉积快速制造技术制备了TC4钛合金薄壁结构和实体结构试样,分析了成型技术特点,探讨了组织形貌特征及形成机制。研究表明:对于薄壁结构,采用合理的工艺参数,获得的熔积层的宽度为7.4mm,层高为1.5mm;结构纵截面的组织形貌特征是原始β柱状晶与沉积高度方向大约成15°角,较为粗大,宽3～5mm,单个柱状晶贯穿几层到十几层熔积层不等。对于实体结构,熔积间距为4.7mm时得到的试样表面较为平整,熔积高度基本一致;试样纵截面可观察到明显的层带,而原始β柱状晶垂直向上生长。     

阴极调速法测定电解加工ηω-i曲线特性的试验研究及其应用

镍基高温合金GH4169是航空发动机叶片的常用材料。为了精确获取GH4169的ηω-i曲线特性,采用调节阴极进给速度的新方法,实时控制加工间隙,使加工过程迅速过渡到平衡状态。利用阴极调速法开展了电解加工试验,经过计算得出ηω-i曲线。结果表明:当电流密度i小于6A/cm2时,ηω值趋向于0;当i大于50A/cm2时,ηω保持在1.28mm3/(A.min)不变。针对某航空发动机叶片,基于阴极调速法和恒速法测定的ηω-i曲线特性,分别设计了工具阴极,并开展了对比工艺试验研究。研究表明:根据阴极调速法测得ηω-i曲线特性设计的阴极,加工出叶片的复制精度明显提高,叶片精度整体提高0.03mm,证明该方法测定ηω-i曲线特性更加准确。     

一种基于谱域-空域组合特征支持向量机的高光谱图像分类算法

针对高光谱图像分类问题,提出了一种基于支持向量机的利用组合特征对高光谱图像进行分类的算法,组合特征综合了高光谱图像的光谱域和空域信息。针对图像的高维数据特性,利用最大噪声分量方法进行特征提取,对得到的主分量图像,采用虚拟维数估计算法来确定需要保留的主分量数目,并用数学形态学操作用保留的主分量图像中提取目标的形态信息。根据得到的空域特征并结合原始光谱域特征,构造用于分类的组合特征矢量。而且采用了支持向量机,利用了其支持小样本、效率高的优点。高光谱数据实验表明,本文提出的方法和单独使用谱域或空域信息进行分类相比,具有一定的优越性。
     

Electric field and ion density anomalies in the mid latitude ionosphere: Possible connection with earthquakes?

The problem of earthquake prediction has stimulated the search for a correlation between seismic activity and ionospherical anomalies. We found observational evidence of possible earthquake effects in the near-equatorial and low latitude ionosphere; these ionospheric anomalies have been proposed by Gousheva et al. [Gousheva, M., Glavcheva, R., Danov, D., Angelov P., Hristov, P., Influence of earthquakes on the electric field disturbances in the ionosphere on board of the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite. Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci. 58 (8) 911–916, 2005a; Gousheva, M., Glavcheva, R., Danov, D., Angelov, P., Hristov, P., Kirov, B., Georgieva, K., Observation from the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite of anomalies associated with seismic activity. In: Poster Proceeding of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies: Space in the Service of Society, RAST ‘2005, June 9–11, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 119–123, 2005b; Gousheva, M., Glavcheva, R., Danov, D., Angelov, P., Hristov, P., Kirov, B., Georgieva, K., Satellite monitoring of anomalous effects in the ionosphere probably related to strong earthquakes. Adv. Space Res. 37 (4), 660–665, 2006]. This paper presents new results from observations of the quasi-static electric field and ion density on board INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 satellite in the mid latitude ionosphere above sources of moderate earthquakes. Data from INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 satellite and seismic data (World Data Center, Denver, Colorado, USA) for magnetically quiet and medium quiet days are juxtaposed in time-space domain. For satellite’s orbits in the time period 15.09–01.10.1981 an increase in the horizontal and vertical components of the quasi-static electric field and fluctuations of the ion density are observed over zones of forthcoming seismic events. Some similar post effects are observed too. The emphasis of this paper is put on the anomalies which specify the mid latitude ionosphere. The obtained results contain important information because they confirm our previous results for near-equatorial and low latitude regions.     

静电悬浮加速度计噪声测试数据的频谱分析方法

分析了不同系数的离散傅里叶变换公式的含意,并从中筛选出符合工程分析要求的正确公式。为使用快速傅里叶变换可采用多种方式使数据符合2的整数次幂,分析了各种方法的优缺点;分析了各种频谱的应用对象,得出静电悬浮加速度计噪声适宜采用功率谱密度,且在窗函数应用上宜选择与之符合的系数;给出了使用OriginLab公司Origin5.0/7.0软件计算功率谱密度时所必须采取的纠正措施,提出地面测试静电悬浮加速度计噪声需采用差分方法以仰制环境噪声,具体操作方法是,将两台加速度计已扣除平均值的时域噪声值相减后除以平方根2。      

大气密度分层计算时的再入弹道解析解

给出了在考虑阻力系数为速度的函数的情况下,并将大气密度进行分层计算时,估算再入飞行器弹道主要参数的一组解析式。按上述方法进行了仿真计算,并将计算结果,Ｂａｒｂｅｒａ解,有关文献解同数值解进行了比较。结果表明,由于大气密度采用分层计算,更真实地反映了飞行器的再入环境、解析估算值较其它两种解更接近于数值解,完全可用于再入飞行器的再入弹道初步估计和再入性能分析。