火星大气环境模拟装置设计及仿真分析研究

对火星表面大气环境特性进行了研究,通过选取合适的计算方法并结合FLUENT流体有限元计算软件对火星表面稀薄气体内部环流进行了模拟仿真分析,提出了以动量源模拟风扇段内流的仿真方法,并进行了可行性讨论。进一步实现了针对圆柱形模拟装置多工况下的内部气体流场稳态和非稳态计算仿真,并对计算结果进行了分析讨论,为火星大气环境模拟装置的设计提供了技术支持和参考。     

考虑动态不确定因素的深空探测器任务规划

针对现有的任务规划方法在响应深空动态不确定因素的扰动情况时存在的不确定因素识别度低、响应策略单一等问题,文章提出了一种考虑动态不确定因素的深空探测器任务规划算法。首先,对不确定扰动按从轻到重四个等级进行划分,并采用模糊神经网络评估不确定扰动属于哪种扰动级别,根据评估结果选择对应的扰动响应策略;然后,采用基于分层任务网络规划（HierarchicalTaskNetwork,HTN）的局部任务修复方法,对受到扰动的子系统对应的复合任务重新进行任务分解,完成对初始规划方案的调整修复。仿真结果表明所提出的算法可以有效地对深空动态不确定因素进行评估和响应,从而提高了任务规划的可靠性和灵活性。     

基于DTC和GPGP的多UCAV任务规划方法

以任务分析和环境建模仿真框架作为任务结构的描述模型,建立了无人作战飞机的任务模型描述及任务规划问题描述方法.提出了基于启发式设计准则的无人作战飞机任务规划算法,并在任务规划过程中集成路径规划.以通用局部全局规划协调理论为基础,提出了集成通用局部全局规划协调机制和同步协调机制的多无人作战飞机协同任务规划系统结构,对通用局部全局规划的任务规划过程进行控制和协调.仿真实例证明了任务规划算法的可行性.      

基于FFMECA的任务可靠性综合评价方法

任务可靠性的评价是武器装备研制生产过程中的重要工作内容,任务阶段的FMECA评价多从定性的角度进行,未考虑故障模式影响程度的定量指标。基于模糊数学思想,结合FMECA分析中的故障模式影响概率,形成FFMECA分析方法;并在此基础上,将那些影响任务完成的故障模式以定量的形式进行区分,进行考虑故障模式影响概率的任务可靠性评价,并以可撒布地雷为例开展了任务阶段的定量与定性分析。结果表明:本文方法紧密结合可靠性前期工作,对武器装备可靠性评价流程进行了规划,对可靠性评价方法的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。      

空间机器人研究进展及技术挑战

空间机器人是实现空间操控自动化和智能化的使能手段之一,在无人及载人的空间科学探索活动中至关重要。首先,回顾了国际空间站舱内外机器人、中国空间站机器人、在轨自由飞行空间机器人等几类轨道空间机器人工程应用现状,以及已成功在轨应用月面机器人和火星机器人两类星表机器人系统的应用现状。其次,针对空间机器人后续日益复杂的任务需求,探讨了空间机器人在机构构型、关节驱动、末端操作、感知认知、行走移动、动力学与控制等方面面临的技术挑战。然后,论述了空间机器人在多臂、超冗余、柔性化、可重构、仿生等新型机构构型方面的探索,介绍了空间机器人主动、被动柔顺关节方面的研究进展,论述了空间机器人末端执行器在专用化工具及通用化多指灵巧手两个方向的研究进展,总结了星表机器人在新型移动机构构型、高自主导航方面的研究进展,介绍了空间机器人在多传感器集成融合、力与触觉感知方面的研究进展,论述了空间机器人在多臂协调控制、柔顺控制、漂浮基座抓捕动力学控制等方面的研究进展。最后,展望了空间机器人在空间目标抓捕与移除、高价值飞行器在轨服务与维修、空间大型构件在轨组装及星球科学探测等方面的应用前景。     

一种基于飞行任务的临近空间短距滑翔飞行器弹道预示方法

针对临近空间短距滑翔飞行器机动模式多变、弹道参数变化剧烈等特点,本文设计了一种基于变结构交互式多模型滤波的轨迹预测方法.该方法基于飞行任务结合自适应网格构建时变的机动模型集,解决机动模式多变的问题.通过引入渐消因子、修正Markov概率转移矩阵,提出一种变结构交互式多模型方法辨识机动模型特征参数.最后通过更新机动模型中...     

Effects of Low Energetic Neutral Atoms on Martian and Venusian Dayside Exospheric Temperature Estimations

The heating of the upper atmospheres and the formation of the ionospheres on Venus and Mars are mainly controlled by the solar X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation (λ = 0.1–102.7 nm and can be characterized by the 10.7 cm solar radio flux). Previous estimations of the average Martian dayside exospheric temperature inferred from topside plasma scale heights, UV airglow and Lyman-α dayglow observations of up to ∼500 K imply a stronger dependence on solar activity than that found on Venus by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) and Magellan spacecraft. However, this dependence appears to be inconsistent with exospheric temperatures (<250 K) inferred from aerobraking maneuvers of recent spacecraft like Mars Pathfinder, Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey during different solar activity periods and at different orbital locations of the planet. In a similar way, early Lyman-α dayglow and UV airglow observations by Venera 4, Mariner 5 and 10, and Venera 9–12 at Venus also suggested much higher exospheric temperatures of up to 1000 K as compared with the average dayside exospheric temperature of about 270 K inferred from neutral gas mass spectrometry data obtained by PVO. In order to compare Venus and Mars, we estimated the dayside exobase temperature of Venus by using electron density profiles obtained from the PVO radio science experiment during the solar cycle and found the Venusian temperature to vary between 250–300 K, being in reasonable agreement with the exospheric temperatures inferred from Magellan aerobraking data and PVO mass spectrometer measurements. The same method has been applied to Mars by studying the solar cycle variation of the ionospheric peak plasma density observed by Mars Global Surveyor during both solar minimum and maximum conditions, yielding a temperature range between 190–220 K. This result clearly indicates that the average Martian dayside temperature at the exobase does not exceed a value of about 240 K during high solar activity conditions and that the response of the upper atmosphere temperature on Mars to solar activity near the ionization maximum is essentially the same as on Venus. The reason for this discrepancy between exospheric temperature determinations from topside plasma scale heights and electron distributions near the ionospheric maximum seems to lie in the fact that thermal and photochemical equilibrium applies only at altitudes below 170 km, whereas topside scale heights are derived for much higher altitudes where they are modified by transport processes and where local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions are violated. Moreover, from simulating the energy density distribution of photochemically produced moderately energetic H, C and O atoms, as well as CO molecules, we argue that exospheric temperatures inferred from Lyman-α dayglow and UV airglow observations result in too high values, because these particles, as well as energetic neutral atoms, transformed from solar wind protons into hydrogen atoms via charge exchange, may contribute to the observed planetary hot neutral gas coronae. Because the low exospheric temperatures inferred from neutral gas mass spectrometer and aerobraking data, as well as from CO⁺ ₂ UV doublet emissions near 180–260 nm obtained from the Mars Express SPICAM UV spectrograph suggest rather low heating efficiencies, some hitherto unidentified additional IR-cooling mechanism in the thermospheres of both Venus and Mars is likely to exist. An erratum to this article can be found at     

载人飞船回收系统火工装置可靠性评估方法

文章根据载人飞船回收系统火工装置的工作特点,在GJB376-87<火工品可靠性评估方法>的基础上,提出了在正态分布应力和强度参数均未知情况下的可靠性评估方法.利用该评估方法,只需通过试验得到产品的应力和强度均值、方差以及试验样本数,即可计算出产品的可靠度.该方法便于工程实际所应用.     

Autonomous mission reconstruction during the ascending flight of launch vehicles under typical propulsion system failures

In recent years, Chinese Long March(LM) launchers have experienced several launch failures, most of which occurred in their propulsion systems, and this paper studies Autonomous Mission Reconstruction(AMRC) technology to alleviate losses due to these failures. The status of the techniques related to AMRC, including trajectory and mission planning, guidance methods,and fault tolerant technologies, are reviewed, and their features are compared, which reflect the challenges faced by AMRC technology...     

嫦娥一号卫星飞行控制模拟器的设计与研制

飞行控制模拟器,简称飞控模拟器,是飞控中心用来验证飞行程序和地面测控方案,训练操作人员的模拟仿真系统,为系统演练构造一个尽量逼真的任务环境.介绍了嫦娥一号飞控模拟器的功能、结构和使用模式.提出了带轨道根数跳时的新方法,使模拟器具备加速跳时至任意轨道段的能力,提高了任务演练的灵活性.建立了高精度轨道动力学模型,并首次在模拟器中直接嵌入了部分星载软件,大大提高了模拟器的保真度.同时专门设计了图形化的集中监控软件,方便了用户的操作和管理.该模拟器在嫦娥一号卫星任务准备中得到了充分的应用,为嫦娥一号卫星任务的圆满完成奠定了坚实的基础.根据该模拟器的开发经验,对未来模拟器的研制提出了几点建议.