巡视器对地指向受月表地形的影响分析

对探月巡视器在静止状态和移动状态下的测控状态包括高低角和方位角进行了计算分析,计算考虑了理论状态以及叠加了虚拟地形的两种情况,分析了月表地形起伏对测控状态的影响。文章首先给出了着陆点在理论静止状态下高低角和方位角的计算结果以及与卫星仿真工具包(STK)的比对分析情况;其次考虑到月表地形的存在,构造一种虚拟地形,在月球车给定的行走路线上分析了地形对测控方位的影响。     

面向深空探测任务的飞控仿真与支持系统研究

为确保深空探测航天器飞行控制准确无误,故障措施应对及时,在进行需求分析的基础上,提出一种飞控仿真与支持系统的总体框架,给出系统工作流程,并总结出高精度轨道和姿态仿真、故障模拟与注入等5个方面的技术特点,最后通过对比仿真结果和在轨飞行结果验证了该系统的有效性并提出了展望．     

新型月地空间运输平台概念设计

随着宇航技术的不断发展,月球探索将成为人类的重要活动,地月之间的旅行将变得越来越频繁.但是,目前探索月球的太空旅行费用相当高昂.提出了一种旨在降低地月往返运输成本的新型空间投射-拦截平台概念.它是空间绳系系统、储能系统和空间站系统概念的有机结合.利用该系统有望将现有空间探索能耗水平降低至少一个数量级.阐述了这种新系统的优势及可能遇到的关键技术问题,并初步分析了新系统的可行性.     

深空探测器小天体交会段自主导航方法研究

针对深空探测任务中,与小行星交会段的自主导航问题,首先建立探测器在交会段的轨道动力学模型,并提出了2种导航观测方案:1)利用目标天体图像作为观测量;2)利用目标天体视线方向和目标天体夹角作为观测量.然后结合动力学模型和观测模型推导了2种导航方法的滤波算法公式.最后通过蒙特卡罗数值仿真分析方法,估算了2种导航方法的误差值,结果表明误差值在可接受精度范围内,验证了2种自主导航方法是可行的.     

星表移动探测机器人研究现状综述

星表移动探测机器人是多学科、高新技术的结晶,用于非结构化环境中的星球表面探测,能有效减轻人类工作强度、保护人身安全以及代替人类完成恶劣环境下的科研探测工作,有着巨大的经济和社会效益。本文对已发射的探测器进行了统计,系统梳理了成功着陆月球、火星的探测机器人的技术参数、结构与机构组成等,综合对比了各国在星表移动探测机器人研制方面的技术状态。结合国内外的研究现状和成果,重点针对星表移动探测机器人移动系统的研究进行了梳理,将星表移动探测机器人从运动形式上划分为轮式、腿式、履带式及其他类型4种形式,对每类机器人的研究进展、技术参数、结构与机构形式、运动形态等进行了系统回顾和详细分析。结合星表移动探测机器人面临的探测任务及发展方向,对星表移动探测机器人未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种火星多模式组合探测任务设想

针对火星探测科学发现及任务创新需求,探索更先进的探测模式,提出了一种火星多模式组合探测任务设想。该任务设想的特点在于结合了轨道环绕、表面着陆、多点穿透和浮空探测,获取立体多层多源信息,一次任务实现深度科学探测。对火星开展多模式组合探测,不仅会开拓更加具有优势的火星探测新方式,发展新的探测能力和技术,也会加深对火星的全面了解,提高探测活动的综合效果。多模式探测设想不仅适用于火星,对金星、土星等地外天体探测也有很好的支撑作用。     

基于约束预测控制的火星大气进入轨迹跟踪

针对火星着陆任务大气进入段的轨迹跟踪控制问题,给出了一种基于约束预测控制的跟踪策略。综合考虑大气进入段动力学模型的非线性、状态初值的不确定性、控制量限幅约束以及参数摄动,设计了基于线性化阶跃响应预测模型、反馈校正和含约束滚动优化的约束预测控制器,并通过数学仿真对该方法进行了数值验证,结果表明:约束预测控制较PID对参考指令跟踪精度更高,开伞点误差圆半径远小于PID方法;能得到控制量限幅约束条件下平稳的控制曲线。     

Design and testing of a roto-translational shutter mechanism for planetary operation

This work describes the design and testing of a shutter mechanism for a miniaturized infrared spectrometer developed for the ESA ExoMars Pasteur mission. Unlike most usual cover mechanisms, the conceived one provides a roto-translational motion. This feature allows the sealing of the interferometer main entrance window from dust contamination, in addition to the usual function of shuttering the instrument field of view. Although this characteristic is strongly desired because it avoids dust deposition and optics contamination while the instrument is not operating, it makes the mechanism design significantly more complex. Moreover, challenging design constraints were faced: the mass budget allowed for no more than 30 g allocation, the expected working thermal range extended down to −80 °C and high vibration levels with an acceleration peak of 670 m/s² were predicted during Mars landing. To complete the picture, the mechanism cover was required to provide also a calibration target for the 2–25 μm spectral range of the spectrometer. The resulting system is made by a calibrating/shutter cover moved by a purposely designed out of plane cams system which provides the desired motion. A mechanism mockup was assembled and successfully tested in the predicted thermal and mechanical environments.     

气体参数对气囊缓冲特性的影响分析

缓冲气囊具有系统简单、质量轻、贮存体积小等优点,在航天器的返回回收与探测器的着陆缓冲中有较广泛的应用。美国的＂探路者＂、＂机遇号＂和＂勇气号＂火星探测器都采用了缓冲气囊系统作为其着陆缓冲装置。文章通过流体力学和热力学的理论推导,提出了可能会对气囊的着陆缓冲过程产生影响的气体参数,通过MSC Dytran软件仿真计算了不同气体参数下球形火星着陆缓冲气囊的缓冲过程,并分析了各参数对气囊缓冲特性的影响。研究结果可以为后续的气囊设计及试验提供帮助,并为中国下一步开展火星着陆探测任务提供一定的参考。     

Novel orbits of Mercury,Venus and Mars enabled using low-thrust propulsion

Exploration of the inner planets of the Solar System is vital to significantly enhance the understanding of the formulation of the Earth and other planets. This paper therefore considers the development of novel orbits of Mars, Mercury and Venus to enhance the opportunities for remote sensing of these planets. Continuous acceleration is used to extend the critical inclination of highly elliptical orbits at each planet and is shown to require modest thrust magnitudes. This paper also presents the extension of existing sun-synchronous orbits around Mars. However, unlike Earth and Mars, natural sun-synchronous orbits do not exist at Mercury or Venus. This research therefore also uses continuous acceleration to enable circular and elliptical sun-synchronous orbits, by ensuring that the orbit's nodal precession rate matches the planets mean orbital rate around the Sun, such that the lighting along the ground-track remains approximately constant over the mission duration. This property is useful both in terms of spacecraft design, due to the constant thermal conditions, and for comparison of images. Considerably high thrust levels are however required to enable these orbits, which are prohibitively high for orbits with inclinations around 90°. These orbits therefore require some development in electric propulsion systems before becoming feasible.