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471.
M. Bamsey A. Berinstain S. Auclair M. Battler K. Binsted K. Bywaters J. Harris R. Kobrick C. McKay 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
A categorized water usage study was undertaken at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station on Devon Island, Nunavut in the High Canadian Arctic. This study was conducted as part of a long duration four-month Mars mission simulation during the summer of 2007. The study determined that the crew of seven averaged 82.07 L/day over the expedition (standard deviation 22.58 L/day). The study also incorporated a Mars Time Study phase which determined that an average of 12.12 L/sol of water was required for each crewmember. Drinking, food preparation, hand/face, oral, dish wash, clothes wash, shower, shaving, cleaning, engineering, science, plant growth and medical water were each individually monitored throughout the detailed study phases. It was determined that implementing the monitoring program itself resulted in an approximate water savings of 1.5 L/day per crewmember. The seven person crew averaged 202 distinct water draws a day (standard deviation 34) with high water use periods focusing around meal times. No statistically significant correlation was established between total water use and EVA or exercise duration. Study results suggest that current crew water utilization estimates for long duration planetary surface stays are more than two times greater than that required. 相似文献
472.
Paul Withers 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
Recent measurements by Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Express have greatly increased the number of observations of the martian dayside ionosphere available for study. Together with earlier measurements from the Viking era, these datasets have been used to investigate variations in well-known properties of the martian dayside ionosphere and to discover new ionospheric features. The dayside ionosphere includes the main peak, called the M2 layer, and a lower layer, called the M1 layer. In the topside, above the M2 layer, electron densities exponentially decrease with increasing altitude. 相似文献
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从 k-ε湍流模型控制方程入手,对两类满足平衡大气边界层理论要求的入口边界条件进行了详细分析,比较了二者的理论差异。然后以我国公路桥梁抗风规范中建议的 A 类风场为来流条件,定义了相应的 k-ε模型常数与壁面条件,使用两类边界条件进行数值模拟。计算结果表明:两类边界条件结合相应的模型常数与壁面条件,均能在数值模拟中构建基本满足规范要求的平衡大气边界层,但各有其适用范围。在此基础上,对模型常数 C 1和湍动能耗散率与数值模拟结果之间的关系进行了研究,采用修改模型常数与边界条件的方法,改善了数值模拟结果。 相似文献
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火星探测无动力借力飞行轨道研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
对无动力情形的借金星引力辅助变轨进行了研究,并完成了火星探测轨道的设计;首 先使用Jacobi积分得到了蒂塞朗准则,在利用速度矢量图对借力飞行轨道的特性进行分析后 ,得到了Williams提出的C3匹配法,证明了蒂塞朗准则和C3匹配的同一性;在 搜索借力飞行的可行性转移轨道中,采用C3匹配对借金星引力的火星探测轨道进行了 仿真,并对结果进行了分析,最后使用蒂塞朗准则对C3匹配的仿真结果进行了检验。 相似文献
477.
根据军队院校教育的特点和规律构建了生长军官学员学风评价的指标体系,提出了学风评价的数学模型,依据指标体系和数学模型对某军校进行了学员学风实测,在此基础上进行了分析研究。 相似文献
478.
M.V. Belikovich M.Yu. Kulikov M. Grygalashvyly G.R. Sonnemann T.S. Ermakova A.A. Nechaev A.M. Feigin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(1):426-432
For retrieval of atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen via ozone observations in the extended mesopause region (~70–100?km) under nighttime conditions, an assumption on photochemical equilibrium of ozone is often used in research. In this work, an assumption on chemical equilibrium of ozone near mesopause region during nighttime is proofed. We examine 3D chemistry-transport model (CTM) annual calculations and determine the ratio between the correct (modeled) distributions of the O3 density and its equilibrium values depending on the altitude, latitude, and season.The results show that the retrieval of atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen distributions using an assumption on ozone chemical equilibrium may lead to large errors below ~81–87?km. We give simple and clear semi-empirical criterion for practical utilization of the lower boundary of the area with ozone’s chemical equilibrium near mesopause. 相似文献
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