Mars Global MHD Predictions of Magnetic Connectivity Between the Dayside Ionosphere and the Magnetospheric Flanks

Atmospheric photoelectrons have been observed well above the ionosphere of Mars by the ASPERA-3 ELS instrument on Mars Express. To systematically interpret these observations, field lines from two global MHD simulations were analyzed for connectivity to the dayside ionosphere (allowing photoelectron escape). It is found that there is a hollow cylinder behind the planet from 1–2 R _M away from the Mars-Sun line that has a high probability of containing magnetic field lines with connectivity to the dayside ionosphere. These results are in complete agreement with the ELS statistics. It is concluded that the high-altitude photoelectrons are the result of direct magnetic connectivity to the dayside at the moment of the measurement, and no extra trapping or bouncing mechanisms are needed to explain the data.     

火星降落伞的结构设计与初步性能试验研究

文章综述了目前美国、俄罗斯和欧空局研制的火星降落伞中盘缝带伞的发展情况.在参考已有盘缝带伞结构设计的基础上,通过改变结构设计参数,设计出4种不同结构形式的盘缝带伞,并完成了高塔投放和低速风洞等初步性能试验.根据试验结果,对伞型的带宽比及透气量与阻力系数及稳定性之间的关系进行了讨论;最终得出带宽比、透气量大的盘缝带伞稳定...     

基于球体描述Vague决策的模拟电路故障诊断方法(英文)

提出一种基于球体描述Vague决策的模拟电路故障诊断方法。首先,采用小波变换预处理待测电路输出的电压故障特征。然后,每类样本集训练成一个最小超球体。最后,测试样本由本文定义的模糊决策规则进行判断,其中该规则由测试样本和描述球体中心之间的Vague加权距离得到。该模糊决策规则融合了测试样本正反隶属度值和描述球体的权值,可以有效地处理不确定信息。本文从理论上证明了该决策方法的可靠性。将该诊断方法应用于两种实际电路的测试,并与其他两种诊断方法进行对比。实验结果表明本文方法取得了良好的诊断性能,并减少诊断时间。     

基于改进支持向量机的模拟电路故障诊断研究

针对支持向量机（Support Vector Machine）及小波分解用于模拟电路故障诊断时,一对一算法具有操作简单、诊断精度高、所需确定参数少,小波分解能表现电路响应特征但最优小波基选取目前缺乏有效方法的特点,提出利用混合粒子群算法（Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization,HPSO）对小波基及一对一支持向量机的参数进行联合优化。将该方法应用于模拟滤波器的仿真电路实验,结果表明：利用该方法很容易求出全局最优解,能实现对最优小波基选取及支持向量机参数进行联合优化,避免了参数选择的盲目性,提高了模型的诊断精度。     

Mars entry trajectory optimization using DOC and DCNLP

This paper addresses the issue of Mars atmospheric entry trajectory optimization by use of the desensitized optimal control (DOC) and Direct Collocation and Nonlinear Programming (DCNLP). Firstly, desensitized optimal control methodology is adopted to reduce the sensitivity of terminal state variables with respect to uncertainties and perturbations along the trajectory, in addition to optimizing the original performance index. Then, Direct Collocation (DC) method is used to transform the optimal control problem into Nonlinear Programming (NLP) problem which can be easily solved using the SNOPT software package. Monte Carlo simulations of error analysis show that the sensitivity of terminal state variables with respect to uncertainties and perturbations is significantly reduced, leading to improved entry precision.     

Martian obstacle and bow shock: origins of boundaries anisotropy

The origin of the anisotropy in the shape of the Martian obstacle and bow shock is analyzed using Mars Global Surveyor observations. The influence of MHD or ion pick-up effects on Martian obstacle position was to be small found, however, localized Martian crustal magnetization increases the thickness of the downstream planetary magnetotail by 500–1000 km in agreement with earlier Phobos 2 observations. A new analytical model is presented for Martian obstacle shape variation for different solar wind ram pressure. Elongation of the Martian BS cross-section in the direction perpendicular to IMF was confirmed while the shift of this cross section in the +Y direction of Martian interplanetary medium reference frame was discovered. The shift of BS cross section in the direction of interplanetary electric field was not revealed thus not conforming the idea that mass-loading play some role in BS control.     

Estimates of Carrington-class solar particle event radiation exposures as a function of altitude in the atmosphere of Mars

Radiation exposure estimates for crew members on the surface of Mars may vary widely because of the large variations in terrain altitude. The maximum altitude difference between the highest (top of Olympus Mons) and the lowest (bottom of the Hellas impact basin) points on Mars is about 32 km. In this work estimates of radiation exposures as a function of altitude, from the Hellas impact basin to Olympus Mons, are made for a solar particle event proton radiation environment comparable to the Carrington event of 1859. We assume that the proton energy distribution for this Carrington-type event is similar to that of the Band Function fit of the February 1956 event. In this work we use the HZETRN 2010 radiation transport code, originally developed at NASA Langley Research Center, and the Computerized Anatomical Male and Female human geometry models to estimate exposures for aluminum shield areal densities similar to those provided by a spacesuit, surface lander, and permanent habitat as a function of altitude in the Mars atmosphere. Comparisons of the predicted organ exposures with current NASA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are made.     

2020中美阿火星探测任务分析

2020年为火星探测大年,各国相继赶在发射窗口发射自己的火星探测器,截止目前成功赶上发射窗口的国家,按时间先后分别为阿联酋、中国和美国。本文给出了2020年火星探测发射和到达窗口的“猪排”能量图,在有效载荷、发射窗口、运载火箭、地火转移轨道、火星俘获及着陆、通信等方面,对三个国家发射的探测器进行了对比分析,并给出此次火星探测各环节的相关参数。     

火星探测器气动外形/弹道一体化多目标优化

针对火星探测器概念设计阶段的需求,提出了融合气动外形、弹道和开伞条件的一体化多目标优化设计方法。首先建立了火星探测器进入段三自由度弹道运动方程,基于修正牛顿理论推导了适用于具有较大半锥角球锥外形的气动参数估算模型,采用Sutton-Graves公式计算了驻点热流密度。以开伞高度、总吸热量和容积率为目标函数建立了火星探测器气动外形/弹道一体化多目标优化模型,采用基于分解的多目标进化算法(MOEA/D)进行求解计算并与参考设计进行了对比。数值结果表明:多目标优化方法提供多个三目标均优于参考设计的Pareto最优解,为火星探测器的概念设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

波音737CL飞机模拟式座舱压力控制系统部件预防性维修与控制

针对波音737CL飞机模拟式座舱压力控制系统部件老龄化问题,提出部件预防性维修措施．减少因部件内部元器件老化造成的重复性故障,供业内同行参考。