"神舟"号载人飞船推进分系统的研制

根据"神舟"号载人飞船的任务要求,研制了推进分系统的3个子系统,并说明了各子系统的主要技术性能,以及采用的安全性和可靠性措施。介绍了一些关键技术的研制情况。数次飞行试验结果表明,所设计的推进分系统性能完全满足载人航天工程的要求。     

神舟六号载人飞船及其技术改进

介绍了我国第二次载人航天飞行试验的目标和主要任务，给出了神舟六号载人飞船的主要任务和技术指标，以及构型与布局、子系统设置与设备配套、飞行方案、发射窗口和飞行轨道等技术状态。概述了神舟五号飞船飞行试验问题归零、飞行任务引起的更改、提高产品可靠性的更改、其他原因引起的更改和工艺流程的变化等部分技术改进。神舟六号载人飞船飞行试验的成功表明，其技术可满足多人多天空间飞行的要求。     

联盟TM交会对接的地面远程导引段制导方法分析与研究

就俄罗斯联盟TM 号飞船与和平号轨道空间站交会对接中的远距离接近段所报导的一些数据对其制导方法进行分析与研究。分析与计算结果表明, 采用固定时间燃料最省的四次冲量方法所获得的冲量大小、方向及冲量施加的时间与报导极为吻合     

载人飞船再入大气层航程控制的模糊控制器设计方法

将模糊控制理论应用于载人飞船再入大气层的落点航程控制问题 ,以纵程误差ΔDR、横程误差ΔCR、剩余时间tcf为输入变量 ,滚动角γv为输出变量 ,得到一个三输入单输出系统的模糊控制器并给出了便于工程应用的设计方法及仿真结果     

Manned missions to Mars: Minimizing risks of failure

Some major risks-of-failure issues for the future manned missions to Mars are discussed, with an objective to address criteria for making such missions possible, successful, safe and cost-effective. The following astronautical and instrumentation-and-equipment-reliability related aspects of the missions are considered: redundancies and backup strategies; costs; assessed probability of failure as a suitable reliability criterion for the instrumentation (equipment); probabilistic assessment of the likelihood of the mission success and safety. It is concluded that parametric risk modeling is a must for a risk-driven decision-making process.     

Approaches to the development of biomedical support systems for piloted exploration missions

Many aspects of the biomedical systems developed and realized aboard orbital stations, the International space station in the first place, deserve to be regarded as predecessors of the systems for health monitoring and maintenance of future exploration crews. At the same time, there are issues and tasks which have not been yet fully resolved. Specifically, these are prevention of the adverse changes in body systems and organs due to microgravity, reliable protection from the spectrum of space radiation, and elucidation of possible effects of hypomagnetic environment. We should not walk away from search and development of key biomedical technologies such as a system of automated fitness evaluation and a psychodiagnostic complex for testing and optimization of operator′s efficiency, and others. We have to address a large number of issues related to designing the composite life support systems of the utmost autonomy, closure and ecological safety of the human environment that will provide transformation of all kinds of waste. Another crucial task is to define a concept of the onboard medical center and dataware including the telemedicine technology. All the above developments should assimilate the most recent achievements in physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and advanced medical technologies. Biomedical researches on biosatellites also do not lose topicality.     

Human exploration of near earth asteroids: Mission analysis for chemical and electric propulsion

This paper presents a mission analysis comparison of human missions to asteroids using two distinct architectures. The objective is to determine if either architecture can reduce launch mass with respect to the other, while not sacrificing other performance metrics such as mission duration. One architecture relies on chemical propulsion, the traditional workhorse of space exploration. The second combines chemical and electric propulsion into a hybrid architecture that attempts to utilize the strengths of each, namely the short flight times of chemical propulsion and the propellant efficiency of electric propulsion. The architectures are thoroughly detailed, and accessibility of the known asteroid population is determined for both. The most accessible asteroids are discussed in detail. Aspects such as mission abort scenarios and vehicle reusability are also discussed. Ultimately, it is determined that launch mass can be greatly reduced with the hybrid architecture, without a notable increase in mission duration. This demonstrates that significant performance improvements can be introduced to the next step of human space exploration with realistic electric propulsion system capabilities. This leads to immediate cost savings for human exploration and simultaneously opens a path of technology development that leads to technologies enabling access to even further destinations in the future.     

基于Wiener过程的载人飞船热控泵寿命预测

载人飞船热控制循环泵(以下简称热控泵)属于高可靠性航天产品,在试验和使用中出现的寿命失效数据极少,采用传统的基于大样本寿命数据的可靠性分析方法难以满足工程要求。首先根据热控泵的试验数据和退化失效机理,确定关键性能参数为扬程和功率,采用带有正向漂移的Wiener过程拟合这两项性能的退化数据,建立性能退化轨道模型,并用随机加权方法解决模型参数估计时的小子样问题;根据退化失效的定义确定热控泵的寿命分布模型,与传统寿命分布模型不同的是,分布模型中的参数具有明确的物理含义;最后根据试验数据对热控泵的寿命进行预测,验证方法的有效性。     

A sample collector for robotic sample return missions I: Temperature effect on collected mass

Sample return is playing an increasingly important role in solar system exploration. Among the possible mission on the horizon, are sample return from asteroids, comets, the Moon and Mars. A collector initially intended for near-Earth asteroids is the touch-and-go-impregnable-pad (TGIP). Here we explore the effect of temperature on its collection capabilities. Temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroid mission targets range from −43 to 36 °C. Experiments were conducted at −75, −50, −25, 23, 65, and 105 °C. It was found that the mass of sample collected by the TGIP increased almost linearly to 23 °C and then leveled off at higher temperatures. We also found that the collector did not lose its ability to collect samples after being subjected to −75 °C temperatures (essentially frozen) and then thawed. These experiments have shown that the TGIP can operate effectively at temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroids, especially if collection is performed on the sunward side of the asteroid.