超声速复杂流动中湍流模型的性能评估

对8°,16°,20°,24°超声速二维压缩拐角进行了数值模拟,系统评估了SA(Spalart-Allmaras), k-ω, SST(Shear Stress Transport)3种工程常用湍流模型对激波/边界层干扰复杂流动的模拟适用能力.对于"弱"干扰、小分离,工程常用湍流模型能够较准确地预测其压力、摩擦力、热流分布,而对于"强"干扰、大分离则会造成较大的偏差.同时,随着分离区的增大,各湍流模型的适用性能差别更加明显,数值方法也有一定的影响.      

吹吸扰动控制猝发过程中雷诺应力的实验

采用热线测速技术和双丝边界层热线探针,在风洞中以高于对应最小湍流时间尺度的分辨率,精细测量了平板湍流边界层施加不同频率周期性质量引射前后,不同流向和法向位置的瞬时流向、法向和展向速度分量的时间序列信号.采用流向脉动速度局部平均结构函数模极大值法检测了壁湍流猝发过程中拟序结构不同速度分量和雷诺应力分量的条件相位平均波形.发现在扰动源下游一定范围内,摩擦因数和雷诺应力幅值有所减小,扰动改变了法向或展向脉动速度与流向脉动速度的条件相位平均波形的相位差,使其保持在π/2的奇数倍左右,此时雷诺应力几乎为0,改变了湍流边界层原有雷诺应力的产生和扩散输运机制,抑制了湍流雷诺应力的产生和输运.      

大气湍流退化图像多帧盲复原

针对图像盲复原时PSF（点扩散函数）尺寸参数对复原效果影响较大,提出一种点扩散函数尺寸自适应估计算法,该算法以均方误差为代价函数,通过遍历搜索点扩散函数有限支持域,克服了点扩散函数尺寸参数选择难的问题。仿真结果表明,估计的点扩散函数尺寸接近真实尺寸,对于大气湍流变化快的情形,改进算法取得了较好的图像复原效果。     

高原航线飞机颠簸出现规律的对比分析——以青藏高原与云贵高原为例

不同的高原产生大气湍流的条件不尽相同,因此航线上飞机颠簸的出现规律也不一样。分析青藏高原和云贵高原的地形差异和气候区别,并根据四川航空公司的机载QAR数据,对青藏高原和云贵高原的飞机颠簸出现次数、出现概率和颠簸强度进行统计,对比分析了青藏高原和云贵高原航线上飞机颠簸的出现和分布规律,为高原航线飞机颠簸的预报和航行签派工作提供重要参考。     

Magnetospheric disturbances associated with the 13 December 2006 solar flare and their ionospheric effects over North-East Asia

We present an observational study of magnetospheric and ionospheric disturbances during the December 2006 intense magnetic storm associated with the 4В/Х3.4 class solar flare. To perform the study we utilize the ground data from North–East Asian ionospheric and magnetic observatories (60–72°N, 88–152°E) and in situ measurements from LANL, GOES, Geotail and ACE satellites. The comparative analysis of ionospheric, magnetospheric and heliospheric disturbances shows that the interaction of the magnetosphere with heavily compressed solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field caused the initial phase of the magnetic storm. It was accompanied by the intense sporadic E and F2 layers and the total black-out in the nocturnal subauroral ionosphere. During the storm main phase, LANL-97A, LANL 1994_084, LANL 1989-046 and GOES_11 satellites registered a compression of the dayside magnetosphere up to their orbits. In the morning–noon sector the compression was accompanied by an absence of reflections from ionosphere over subauroral ionospheric station Zhigansk (66.8°N, 123.3°E), and a drastic decrease in the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) up to 54% of the quite one over subauroral Yakutsk station (62°N, 129.7°E). At the end of the main phase, these stations registered a sharp foF2 increase in the afternoon sector. At Yakutsk the peak foF2 was 1.9 time higher than the undisturbed one. The mentioned ionospheric disturbances occurred simultaneously with changes in the temperature, density and temperature anisotropy of particles at geosynchronous orbit, registered by the LANL-97A satellite nearby the meridian of ionospheric and magnetic measurements. The whole complex of disturbances may be caused by radial displacement of the main magnetospheric domains (magnetopause, cusp/cleft, plasma sheet) with respect to the observation points, caused by changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, the field of magnetospheric convection, and rotation of the Earth.     

土木工程相关的台风近地风场实测研究

采用三维超声风速仪现场观测了台风"珍珠"和"派比安"的登陆过程,分析了两次台风过程的平均风速、风向变化历程以及台风脉动风速的概率密度分布,进一步研究了台风湍流强度、湍流积分尺度与阵风因子.结果表明:在低风速情况下,台风脉动风速接近正态分布,湍流强度与阵风因子存在近似线性关系,可用相关经验公式进行拟合。两次台风过程实测风速谱均可与某种理论谱模型较好吻合,通过拟合可以降低实测谱与理论谱的偏差。     

湍流模型对喷流计算精度的影响研究(英文)

采用三维RANS代码MBNS3D对包含了内流、外流及后体干扰的三种简化尾喷流,进行了数值模拟研究。通过壁面压力分布及喷流截面速度型与实验数据的对比,研究了SA和SST两种湍流模型及其修正(SACC,SADES,SSTCC)对喷流计算精度的影响。本文计算表明,SSTCC模拟效果最为精确;利用SA模型进行脱体涡模拟,在同样的网格下优势不明显。湍流模型可压缩修正改善了模拟喷流的膨胀趋势,但对附面层分离位置的预测,在本文的工作中,还不如原始模型。两类模型相比,SST模型的结果好于SA模型。     

智能赋能流体力学展望

人工智能（AI）是21世纪的前沿科技,流体力学如何在智能化时代焕发青春是值得本领域研究者思考的话题。从智能赋能流体力学角度,就其研究内涵、研究内容、近期研究及难点进行了总结,并对智能流体力学未来的发展进行了展望。研究指出,流体力学计算或试验中所产生的数据是天生的大数据,如何通过深度神经网络、随机森林、强化学习等机器学习方法来利用这些数据,缓解甚至替代理论和方法层面对人脑的依赖,挖掘新的知识,成为一种新的研究范式;相关研究将涵盖流动控制方程的机器学习、湍流模型的机器学习、物理量纲分析与标度的智能化以及数值模拟方法的智能化;借助人工智能技术,发展流动信息特征提取与多源数据融合的智能化是流体力学发展的迫切需求;研究内容应至少涵盖海量数据挖掘方法以及多源气动数据的智能融合;发展数据驱动的流体力学多学科、多物理场耦合建模与控制是工程应用的迫切需求,相关工作涉及多场耦合建模、气动外形智能优化设计以及流动智能自适应控制等方面。     

苏通大桥实测强风湍流积分尺度的对比研究

湍流积分尺度是体现风特性的重要指标之一,而现场实测是获得工程结构准确可靠的风特性的唯一有效手段.本文利用苏通大桥结构健康监测系统(SHMS)采集的风特性数据库,选取该桥址区2008年夏季的“凤凰”、“海鸥”台风及冬季北风为样本进行强风特性分析.其中采用4种常用计算方法重点研究了桥址区强风的积分尺度,并对比了不同方法的计算结果以验证其可靠性.最后分析了湍流积分尺度随高度和平均风速等的变化规律.结果表明:湍流积分尺度与风速之间无确定关系,塔顶湍流积分尺度较跨中大.分析结果充实了苏通大桥风特性数据库,可为湍流积分尺度的分析计算提供参考,并为苏通大桥的强风环境和抗风评估提供了实测依据.     

Variations in cosmic ray cutoff rigidities during the great geomagnetic storm of November 2004

A very strong interplanetary and magnetospheric disturbance observed on 7–13 November 2004 can be regarded as one of the strongest events during the entire period of space observations. In this paper we report on the studies of cosmic ray cutoff rigidity variations during 7–13 November 2004 showing how storm conditions can affect the direct cosmic ray access to the inner magnetosphere. Effective cutoff rigidities have been calculated for selected points on the ground by tracing trajectories of cosmic ray particles through the magnetospheric magnetic field of the “storm-oriented” Tsyganenko 2003 model. Cutoff rigidity variations have also been determined by the spectrographic global survey method on the basis of experimental data of the neutron monitor network. Relations between the calculated and experimental cutoff rigidities and the geomagnetic Dst-index and interplanetary parameters have been investigated. Correlation coefficients between the cutoff rigidities obtained by the trajectory tracing method and the spectrographic global survey method have been found to be in the limits 0.76–0.89 for all stations except the low-latitude station Tokyo (0.35). The most pronounced correlation has been revealed between the cutoff rigidities that exhibited a very large variation of ∼1–1.5 GV during the magnetic storm and the Dst index.