一种超薄反作用飞轮的大面积磁悬浮结构分析

为提高轴向磁通反作用飞轮的轴向刚度和寿命,结合轴向磁通飞轮的结构,提出一种超薄、大面积磁悬浮的反作用飞轮。重点分析该飞轮的大面积磁悬浮结构,从磁环的宽度、磁环的充磁方向、磁环间距、铁芯厚度和磁悬浮刚度五个方面展开研究。通过有限元仿真可以发现：随磁环宽度的增加,定子对转子的斥力是先增大后减小;定子内外环磁化方向相反时比相同时能得到更大的斥力;在内外环磁化方向相反时,内外环磁钢间距越小,定子对转子斥力越大;磁悬浮部分铁芯厚度的减小对定转子间的斥力的影响极其有限,但对降低飞轮重量具有重要意义;磁悬浮的刚度与转子偏离中心的距离近似成正比。     

Magnetic reconnection on the Sun: ESPD Senior Prize Lecture

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process for changing the magnetic topology and converting magnetic energy into other forms on the Sun, such as heat, flow energy and fast particle energy. In two dimensions it is fairly well understood, although some aspects still need to be developed. In three dimensions, it behaves very differently and a substantial body of theory and numerical experiment has now been built up, including reconnection at null points, separators and quasi-separators.Some aspects of solar flares can be understood with 2D reconnection models, but other aspects such as the shapes of flare ribbons, the acceleration of particles and the creation of twist in erupting flux ropes need a 3D understanding. A paradigm shift in our understanding of coronal heating by reconnection has been stimulated by dramatic new observations of photospheric flux cancellation from SUNRISE and from SST together with the realisation that it may well be driving nanoflare heating events and possibly campfires.     

Variations in cosmic ray cutoff rigidities during the great geomagnetic storm of November 2004

A very strong interplanetary and magnetospheric disturbance observed on 7–13 November 2004 can be regarded as one of the strongest events during the entire period of space observations. In this paper we report on the studies of cosmic ray cutoff rigidity variations during 7–13 November 2004 showing how storm conditions can affect the direct cosmic ray access to the inner magnetosphere. Effective cutoff rigidities have been calculated for selected points on the ground by tracing trajectories of cosmic ray particles through the magnetospheric magnetic field of the “storm-oriented” Tsyganenko 2003 model. Cutoff rigidity variations have also been determined by the spectrographic global survey method on the basis of experimental data of the neutron monitor network. Relations between the calculated and experimental cutoff rigidities and the geomagnetic Dst-index and interplanetary parameters have been investigated. Correlation coefficients between the cutoff rigidities obtained by the trajectory tracing method and the spectrographic global survey method have been found to be in the limits 0.76–0.89 for all stations except the low-latitude station Tokyo (0.35). The most pronounced correlation has been revealed between the cutoff rigidities that exhibited a very large variation of ∼1–1.5 GV during the magnetic storm and the Dst index.     

Symmetry and asymmetry of ionospheric weather at magnetic conjugate points for two midlatitude observatories

Variations of the ionospheric weather W-index for two midlatitude observatories, namely, Grahamstown and Hermanus, and their conjugate counterpart locations in Africa are studied for a period from October 2010 to December 2011. The observatories are located in the longitude sector, which has consistent magnetic equator and geographic equator so that geomagnetic latitudes of the line of force are very close to the corresponding geographic latitudes providing opportunity to ignore the impact of the difference of the gravitational field and the geomagnetic field at the conjugate points on the ionosphere structure and dynamics. The ionosondes of Grahamstown and Hermanus provide data of the critical frequency (foF2), and Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) provide the total electron content (TECgps) along the magnetic field line up to the conjugate point in the opposite hemisphere. The global model of the ionosphere, International Reference Ionosphere, extended to the plasmasphere altitude of 20,200 km (IRI-Plas) is used to deliver the F2 layer peak parameters from TECgps at the magnetic conjugate area. The evidence is obtained that the electron gas heated by day and cooled by night at the summer hemisphere as compared with the opposite features in the conjugate winter hemisphere testifies on a reversal of plasma fluxes along the magnetic field line by the solar terminator. The ionospheric weather W-index is derived from NmF2 (related with foF2) and TECgps data. It is found that symmetry of W-index behavior in the magnetic conjugate hemispheres is dominant for the equinoxes when plasma movement along the magnetic line of force is imposed on symmetrical background electron density and electron content. Asymmetry of the ionospheric storm effects is observed for solstices when the plasma diffuse down more slowly into the colder winter hemisphere than into the warmer summer hemisphere inducing either plasma increase (positive phase) or decrease (negative phase of W-index) in the ionospheric and plasmaspheric plasma density.     

Possible physical properties of the flow in the vicinity of the heliopause

An interface between the fully ionized hydrogen plasma of the solar wind (SW) and the partially ionized hydrogen gas flow of the local interstellar medium (LISM) is formed as a region where there is a strong interaction between these two flows. The interface is bounded by the solar wind termination shock (TS) and the LISM bow shock (BS) and is separated on two regions by the heliopause (HP) separating the solar wind and charged component of the LISM (plasma component below). The BS is formed due to the deceleration of the supersonic LISM flow relative to the solar system. Regions of the interface between the TS and HP and between the HP and BS were in literature named as the inner and outer heliosheaths, respectively. An investigation of the structure and physical properties of the heliosheath is at present especially interested due to the fact that Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 have crossed the TS in December 2004 (Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.Y., et al. Crossing the termination shock into the the heliosheath. Magnetic fields. Science 309, 2027–2029, 2005; Fisk, L.A. Journey into the unknown beyond. Science 309, 2016–2017, 2005; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Voyager 1 in the foreshock, termination shock and heliosheath. Science 309, 2020–2024, 2005; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. Voyager 1 explores the termination shock region and the heliosheath beyond. Science 309, 2017–2020, 2005) and in September 2007 (Jokipii, J.R. A shock for Voyager 2. Nature 454, 38–39, 2008; Gurnett, D.A., Kurth, W.S. Intense plasma waves at and near the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 78–80, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07023; Wang, L., Lin, R.P., Larson, D.E., Luhmann, J.G. Domination of heliosheath pressure by shock-accelerated pickup ions from observations of neutral atoms. Nature 454, 81–83, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07068.14; Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.H., et al. Magnetic fields at the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 75–77, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07029; Richardson, J.D., Kasper, J.C., Wang, C., et al. Cool heliosheath plasma and deceleration of the upstream solar wind at the termination shock. Nature 454, 63–66, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07024; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. An asymmetric solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 71–74, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07022; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Mediation of the solar wind termination shock by non-thermal ions. Nature 454, 67–70, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature 07030), respectively, and entered to the inner heliosheath.     

磁悬挂天平导航控制系统的应用与研究

介绍了利用美国国家仪器有限公司(简称NI:National Instruments)的软件LabVIEW和硬件高速定时器/计数器,以及含步进电机的CCD线阵列式位置传感器支架来实现的磁悬挂天平MSBS(Magnetic Suspension and Balance System)导航控制系统,其中主要包括它的俯仰、左右和平动方向的导航控制.磁悬挂天平是进行风洞实验的理想装置,其基本核心技术之一就是进行导航控制.该系统基于LabVIEW7.0平台进行编程,具有操作界面友好直观、导航控制精度高、便于扩展等特点.磁悬挂天平导航控制系统是"30cm×30cm磁悬挂天平装置"及"30cm×30cm低速高品质气流风洞装置"的重要组成部分.     

近地球赤道面轨道上磁性刚体卫星的混沌运动

讨论地球磁场中非自旋磁性刚体卫星在近赤道平面圆轨道上平面天平动的混沌问题.利用Melnikov方法预测出现混沌的可能性并数值验证混沌的存在性.研究表明地球磁场的周期扰动能引起卫星的混沌运动,扰动增大则混沌加强.      

智能型毫瓦级超声功率计的设计

智能型毫瓦级超声功率计主要用于医用超声源的测量,是采用磁电式力平衡机构抵偿超声辐射压力的方法测量超声功率,其特点是充分利用单片微机控制测量机构,实现自动平衡、自动测量、自动保护,使这种测量方法真正实用化。     

电磁监测试验卫星矢量磁场探测方法

电磁监测试验卫星是中国第一颗近地轨道电磁场科学探测试验卫星, 探测空间背景磁场是其重要任务之一. 空间背景磁场探测需要在卫星平台上对空间矢量磁场进行长期稳定准确探测, 电磁监测试验卫星采用磁通门磁强计和基于CPT效应的绝对磁场校准装置(Coupled Dark State Magnetometer, CDSM)分别探测空间相对矢量磁场以及绝对标量磁场, 通过数据处理, 使最终的矢量磁场探测数据具有准确性. 这种数据处理方法在理想模型下拥有解析解, 实施过程中载荷的噪声、 准确度及稳定性影响模型的准确性, 会产生数据校准误差. 通过对在轨磁场探测的模拟确定了这种数据处理方法的性能, 验证了在载荷设计性能的基础上电磁监测试验卫星的磁场探测可以实现1 nT的准确度.     

多点磁场协同探测反演电离层电流密度

相对于传统的单点磁场探测,多点磁场协同探测可以同时获得各测点磁场,消除探测磁场随时间的变化,能更好地计算空间电流密度.根据由多点磁场反演计算空间电流密度的计算方法,开展数值仿真,分析卫星编队数量、卫星编队构型、卫星定位偏差、卫星姿态测量误差、磁场测量误差、外部磁场强度及外部电流密度等对电流反演误差的影响.仿真结果表明,5星编队优于4星编队.在5星编队条件下,卫星姿态测量误差、卫星编队构型和外部磁场强度是反演误差的主要来源.根据仿真结果,当卫星姿态误差为0.001°,卫星编队尺度约为100km时,赤道区域电流密度的反演相对误差约为24%.