星载永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析与实验研究

磁场是评价星载霍尔推力器性能水平及工作特性的重要因素,也是开展推力器优化设计的重要自由度。针对航天器姿态调整等空间轨道任务对霍尔推力器应用需求,分析了影响永磁霍尔推力器磁感应强度的关键因素。在此基础上,利用磁路等效法,采用有限元离散形式,建立了基于永磁材料的霍尔推力器磁场模型,利用国外同类产品工程数据验证了磁场模型分析方法的可行性和计算结果的正确性,最终获得了设计所需的推力器磁路构型、永磁体结构尺寸及相应的永磁霍尔推力器样机。将永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析结果与实测结果进行对比,并对整机性能进行了实验验证,结果表明:推力器性能实验结果与设计要求相符性较好,额定供气、供电状态下,推力器阳极电流符合设计要求,整机推力达到3.52mN,比冲达到685s,较好地实现了永磁霍尔推力器设计目标。     

自由曲面结构磁性抛光去除试验研究

磁性抛光因柔性工具的工件表面适应性高而具有较好的应用潜力。自行设计抛光工具头,制备磁性抛光体,搭建试验平台,并对不锈钢平面工件进行定点抛光试验,平均去除效率为0.231μm/10min,且工件表面质量得到了很大的改善,验证了该磁性抛光方法的可行性。继而对两种自由曲面结构工件进行抛光:一是采用工具头水平移动式、工具头等高线移动式两种不同的抛光进给运动方式对不同曲率的不锈钢工件进行抛光去除试验,试验证明:两种抛光方式对每个曲率的轮廓均有去除能力,去除量在0.14~1.33μm之间;二是对3D打印的光敏树脂微结构自由曲面定点抛光,单位时间去除效率在8.957~12.587μm/10min之间,且改善了轮廓的光滑度。初步试验表明,磁性抛光方法对两种自由曲面结构均有一定的去除能力,可进一步探索磁性抛光技术应用于自由曲面结构确定性抛光。     

超高速碰撞碎片散布数值分析

基于光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法,对低轨卫星与某空间物体的超高速碰撞问题进行了数值模拟。通过确立航天器轨道高低判定准则及判定方法,分析了碰撞角度、碰撞速度对碰撞碎片散布的影响情况。仿真结果表明,低轨卫星与空间物体碰撞产生的大部分空间碎片所处轨道高度位于原卫星轨道周围;碰撞碎片的散布情况与碰撞方式密切相关,相比于上升式碰撞,下压式碰撞产生的下降碎片个数较多,上升碎片个数较少;低轨卫星与空间物体碰撞产生的空间碎片总数与碰撞相对速度密切相关,碰撞相对速度越大,碎片数量越多;随着碰撞相对速度的增大,上升碎片、下降碎片及双曲碎片的个数逐渐增加;在不改变碰撞总动量数量级的条件下,改变空间物体的速度大小对空间碎片散布的影响并不明显。     

管道内流动力学修正耗散模型

基于二维流体动力学方程组,根据管道内流动力学相关特性以及管道输入端流场边界条件,提出了修正耗散模型。相对于耗散模型,修正耗散模型考虑了管道输入端流场的影响,能够更精确地描述风洞试验中管道效应对动态压力测量的影响。FL-14风洞动态压力试验也表明:管道间接测量的动态压力结果经过修正耗散模型进行修正后,能够大幅度减少管道效应所带来的误差。在一定试验条件下,耗散模型修正结果的相对误差高达534%,而修正耗散模型修正结果的相对误差只有66%。      

宇宙磁单极子的椭圆辐射

本文研究了磁单极子在宇宙空间作椭圆轨道运动的辐射问题，得到了这种辐射的谱功率公式，该公式对探测和鉴别宇宙磁单极子具有重要意义。     

Prediction of Magnetospheric Disturbances Caused by a Quasi-Stationary Solar Wind

When predicting parameters of quasi-stationary Solar Wind (SW) streams at 1 AU, it is customary to use, as the indicator of solar sources, the Bases of Open Magnetic Tubes (BOMT) on the solar surface obtained via a calculation relying on a new Bd-technique of harmonic expansion of the magnetic field from daily full-disk magnetograms developed by Rudenko[4]. By considering an example of 17 events, it is shown that the correspondence between fast SW streams at the Earth's orbit and the BOMT, calculated with ≤ 24 h time resolution, makes up about 94%, while the correspondence of SW stereams with the CH in the light of the 10830 A line is about 29%. With this technique, the predictability of maxima of the Kp index of magnetospheric disturbance caused by a fast quasi-stationary SW, is over 90%, and the prediction accuracy of the maximun velocity vm of the stream is ±15%.      

Two energy release processes for CMEs: MHD catastrophe and magnetic reconnection

It remains an open question how magnetic energy is rapidly released in the solar corona so as to create solar explosions such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Recent studies have confirmed that a system consisting of a flux rope embedded in a background field exhibits a catastrophic behavior, and the energy threshold at the catastrophic point may exceed the associated open field energy. The accumulated free energy in the corona is abruptly released when the catastrophe takes place, and it probably serves as the main means of energy release for CMEs at least in the initial phase. Such a release proceeds via an ideal MHD process in contrast with nonideal ones such as magnetic reconnection. The catastrophe results in a sudden formation of electric current sheets, which naturally provide proper sites for fast magnetic reconnection. The reconnection may be identified with a solar flare associated with the CME on one hand, and produces a further acceleration of the CME on the other. On this basis, several preliminary suggestions are made for future observational investigations, especially with the proposed Kuafa satellites, on the roles of the MHD catastrophe and magnetic reconnection in the magnetic energy release associated with CMEs and flares.     

火星空间环境磁场探测研究——高精度磁强计

萤火一号卫星将对火星空间环境磁场实施探测。火星磁场对火星弓激波、磁鞘、电离层、大气等绝大多数空间环境效应都具有重要影响,萤火一号对火星磁场的探测是通过搭载于其上的科学载荷磁强计来实现的。此磁强计在工作原理及具体设计上,考虑了火星轨道严酷的工作环境和科学目标所需的测量要求。通过装星前的地面标定测试,验证了萤火一号磁强计可以在-130～75℃温度范围内测量±256nT以内的磁场,分辨率可达到0.01 nT,带宽内总噪声小于0.03 nT,能够满足萤火一号对火星空间环境探测的需求。     

Simulation of the observed coronal kink instability and its implications for the SDO/AIA

Srivastava et al. (2010) have observed a highly twisted coronal loop, which was anchored in AR10960 during the period 04:43 UT-04:52 UT on 4 June 2007. The loop length and radius are approximately 80 Mm and 4 Mm, with a twist of 11.5 π$\pi$. These observations are used as initial conditions in a three dimensional nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulation with parallel thermal conduction included. The initial unstable equilibrium evolves into the kink instability, from which synthetic observables are generated for various high-temperature filters of SDO/AIA. These observables include temporal and spatial averaging to account for the resolution and exposure times of SDO/AIA images. Using the simulation results, we describe the implications of coronal kink instability as observables in SDO/AIA filters.     

Flux emergence,flux imbalance,magnetic free energy and solar flares

Emergence of complex magnetic flux in the solar active regions lead to several observational effects such as a change in sunspot area and flux embalance in photospheric magnetograms. The flux emergence also results in twisted magnetic field lines that add to free energy content. The magnetic field configuration of these active regions relax to near potential-field configuration after energy release through solar flares and coronal mass ejections. In this paper, we study the relation of flare productivity of active regions with their evolution of magnetic flux emergence, flux imbalance and free energy content. We use the sunspot area and number for flux emergence study as they contain most of the concentrated magnetic flux in the active region. The magnetic flux imbalance and the free energy are estimated using the HMI/SDO magnetograms and Virial theorem method. We find that the active regions that undergo large changes in sunspot area are most flare productive. The active regions become flary when the free energy content exceeds 50% of the total energy. Although, the flary active regions show magnetic flux imbalance, it is hard to predict flare activity based on this parameter alone.