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《中国航空学报》2020,33(12):3027-3038
Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view. 相似文献
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针对卫星拒止的室内导航问题,在现有磁信标定位技术的基础上,通过分析低频旋转磁场的特点,建立了一种不受传感器姿态和磁信标磁矩信息影响的磁感应矢量夹角观测模型,并结合MEMS惯性导航的误差模型提出了一种以磁感应矢量夹角的正余弦值为量测信息的惯性磁感应动态定位方法,避免了磁传感器姿态误差和磁矩误差对定位结果的影响。利用实验室的双轴磁信标实验系统进行静态测试,验证了磁感应定位模型具有不受传感器姿态、环境中遮挡物以及磁矩影响的特点;通过数值仿真的方式对基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的惯性磁感应定位方法进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效地抑制惯性导航的发散,且位置最大误差小于0.75 m,满足大多数室内场景下的高精度导航定位需求。 相似文献
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一种开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制效率优化策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对开关磁阻电机(SRM)的简化磁链法只能实现单相导通运行且导通区间固定的缺点,提出了一种结合固定关断角和自适应调节开通角的无位置传感器控制技术。利用曲线拟合关断位置磁链取代传统存储数据表,通过对比实时计算的动态磁链和曲线拟合的静态磁链,确定关断位置信号并估计转速和其他位置。考虑电机阻抗和电感的非线性特点,优化电感最小区域的开通角自调节模型确定导通区间。仿真结果验证了该方案的可行性和正确性,能够实现转子位置的间接检测,电机的运行效率得到进一步优化。 相似文献
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将牵引电机应用于双流制窄轨电力机车时,由于窄轨机车轨距小,所以牵引电机安装空间异常狭小,比一般牵引电机在安装空间、电机结构、电磁负荷等方面的要求更加苛刻。针对窄轨双流制电力机车的运用特点和特殊要求进行了分析,提出了牵引电机的设计要求和关键技术难点,并对关键技术难点给出了相应的分析和解决措施。对该牵引电机的制造过程及电机试验测试情况进行了论述。试验结果表明,该牵引电机达到了设计预期,完全能满足设计要求。 相似文献
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A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N2, O2, NO, O, N, NO+, N2+, O2+, N+, O+, e?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N2, O2, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition. 相似文献
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某型航空发动机滑油供油系统压力和流量仿真 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用英国商用流体系统仿真软件FLOWMASTER对在中间状态下某型发动机滑油供油系统的压力和流量进行了仿真,总结分析了不同供油温度对该系统流阻特性的影响趋势,根据仿真结果给出了该系统结构的改进建议。 相似文献