高速流前端磁场B_z分量的变化

等离子体片高速流在磁层活动中起着重要作用,其形成机制以及与背景等离子体的相互作用日益引起关注.本文利用搭载于Cluster四颗卫星上的磁场和等离子体观测仪器,对2001和2002两年发生在磁尾等离子体片中高速流事件期间的磁场变化进行了统计研究.结果表明,在高速流前端,伴随着等离子体整体速度的增加,绝大多数高速流前端磁场的B_z分量经常出现先短暂减小然后剧烈增大的现象,符合以往利用Geotail卫星观测数据获得的统计特性.然而个例研究发现B_z的下降与上升常常是不对称的,且B_z分量下降的程度并不是总能达到反向的程度,说明这种变化特征并不一定是存在磁结构的表现.我们认为更多时候这种磁场的变化特征是高速流挤压背景等离子体磁场造成的,是相互作用的结果.当偶极化锋面形成后,由类似间断面的磁场界面反射的热离子产生抗磁效应,可能对B_z下降形成部分贡献,而B_z增加则是高速流携带磁通量堆积的效果.     

Simulation of the observed coronal kink instability and its implications for the SDO/AIA

Srivastava et al. (2010) have observed a highly twisted coronal loop, which was anchored in AR10960 during the period 04:43 UT-04:52 UT on 4 June 2007. The loop length and radius are approximately 80 Mm and 4 Mm, with a twist of 11.5 π$\pi$. These observations are used as initial conditions in a three dimensional nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulation with parallel thermal conduction included. The initial unstable equilibrium evolves into the kink instability, from which synthetic observables are generated for various high-temperature filters of SDO/AIA. These observables include temporal and spatial averaging to account for the resolution and exposure times of SDO/AIA images. Using the simulation results, we describe the implications of coronal kink instability as observables in SDO/AIA filters.     

Flux emergence,flux imbalance,magnetic free energy and solar flares

Emergence of complex magnetic flux in the solar active regions lead to several observational effects such as a change in sunspot area and flux embalance in photospheric magnetograms. The flux emergence also results in twisted magnetic field lines that add to free energy content. The magnetic field configuration of these active regions relax to near potential-field configuration after energy release through solar flares and coronal mass ejections. In this paper, we study the relation of flare productivity of active regions with their evolution of magnetic flux emergence, flux imbalance and free energy content. We use the sunspot area and number for flux emergence study as they contain most of the concentrated magnetic flux in the active region. The magnetic flux imbalance and the free energy are estimated using the HMI/SDO magnetograms and Virial theorem method. We find that the active regions that undergo large changes in sunspot area are most flare productive. The active regions become flary when the free energy content exceeds 50% of the total energy. Although, the flary active regions show magnetic flux imbalance, it is hard to predict flare activity based on this parameter alone.     

火星空间环境磁场探测研究——高精度磁强计

萤火一号卫星将对火星空间环境磁场实施探测。火星磁场对火星弓激波、磁鞘、电离层、大气等绝大多数空间环境效应都具有重要影响,萤火一号对火星磁场的探测是通过搭载于其上的科学载荷磁强计来实现的。此磁强计在工作原理及具体设计上,考虑了火星轨道严酷的工作环境和科学目标所需的测量要求。通过装星前的地面标定测试,验证了萤火一号磁强计可以在-130～75℃温度范围内测量±256nT以内的磁场,分辨率可达到0.01 nT,带宽内总噪声小于0.03 nT,能够满足萤火一号对火星空间环境探测的需求。     

星载永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析与实验研究

磁场是评价星载霍尔推力器性能水平及工作特性的重要因素,也是开展推力器优化设计的重要自由度。针对航天器姿态调整等空间轨道任务对霍尔推力器应用需求,分析了影响永磁霍尔推力器磁感应强度的关键因素。在此基础上,利用磁路等效法,采用有限元离散形式,建立了基于永磁材料的霍尔推力器磁场模型,利用国外同类产品工程数据验证了磁场模型分析方法的可行性和计算结果的正确性,最终获得了设计所需的推力器磁路构型、永磁体结构尺寸及相应的永磁霍尔推力器样机。将永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析结果与实测结果进行对比,并对整机性能进行了实验验证,结果表明:推力器性能实验结果与设计要求相符性较好,额定供气、供电状态下,推力器阳极电流符合设计要求,整机推力达到3.52mN,比冲达到685s,较好地实现了永磁霍尔推力器设计目标。     

A 3rd Order WENO GLM-MHD Scheme for Magnetic Reconnection

A new numerical scheme of 3rd order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO)type for 2.5D mixed GLM-MHD in Cartesian coordinates is proposed. The MHD equations are modified by combining the arguments as by Dellar and Dedner et al to couple the divergence constraint with the evolution equations using a Generalized Lagrange Multiplier (GLM). Moreover, the magnetohydrodynamic part of the GLM-MHD system is still in conservation form. Meanwhile, this method is very easy to add to an existing code since the underlying MHD solver does not have to be modified. To show the validation and capacity of its application to MHD problem modelling,interaction between a magnetosonic shock and a denser cloud and magnetic reconnection problems are used to verify this new MHD code. The numerical tests for 2D Orszag and Tang's MHD vortex,interaction between a magnetosonic shock and a denser cloud and magnetic reconnection problems show that the third order WENO MHD solvers are robust and yield reliable results by the new mixed GLM or the mixed EGLM correction here even if it can not be shown that how the divergence errors are transported as well as damped as done for one dimensional ideal MHD by Dedner et al.      

2001年9月15日Cluster卫星对电流片的观测研究

2001年9月15日0430-0515 UT期间,Cluster卫星多次穿越磁尾电流片.由FGM、CIS等仪器获得了电流片磁场,粒子速度等数据变化情况,并得到了磁尾高速流的两次明显反转.本文采用GSM坐标系.利用求磁场空间梯度张量的方法获得了越尾电流,其电流密度的峰值为28nA/m2.并对电流片在垂直方向上的摆动和在晨昏方向的波动现象进行了分析.数据显示此时电流片为薄电流片并有一个变薄的趋势,其厚度大约为0.2-0.3 Re.磁场重联时地向流与尾向流均超过了1000 km/s,并测得了电流片的法线方向和运动速度,从而得到了磁尾电流片的结构和运动情况.      

行星际扰动与不同级别磁暴强度关系的研究

利用1997-2004年间ACE卫星太阳风观测的时均值数据和相应的Dst指数,针对Dstmin≤-50 nT的磁暴,分析了行星际参数(Bz,Ey,v,Pk,|B|,ε'=vxB2zsin4(θ/2))与Dst指数的相关关系.验证了Ey,Bz与Dst指数的良好相关性;按磁暴强度的不同,发现磁暴强度越大,行星际参数与磁暴强度(Dstmin)的相关性就越好.对于中等磁暴(-100 nT＜Dstmin≤-50 nT),行星际参数与磁暴强度的相关系数不高.如果把磁暴分为两个档次,即-150 nT＜Dstmin≤-50 nT的磁暴和Dstmin≤-150 nT的磁暴,计算结果表明,ε'与Dst指数的相关性是最好的.在诸多行星际参数中,就单一因素来说,Ey对磁暴强度影响最大,Bz对磁暴强度影响次之.      

磁性高分子微球的制备及表征技术

在总结近年来国内外有关磁性高分子微球研究成果的基础上，对磁性高分子微球的四种制备方法，即共混包埋法、界面沉积法、活化溶胀法和单体聚合法的工艺过程及优缺点进行了概述。对磁性高分子微球的各项特征(如平均粒径、粒径分布、磁含量、磁响应性及耐酸碱性等)的表征方法进行了介绍。     

Water, Life, and Planetary Geodynamical Evolution

In our search for life on other planets over the past decades, we have come to understand that the solid terrestrial planets provide much more than merely a substrate on which life may develop. Large-scale exchange of heat and volatile species between planetary interiors and hydrospheres/atmospheres, as well as the presence of a magnetic field, are important factors contributing to the habitability of a planet. This chapter reviews these processes, their mutual interactions, and the role life plays in regulating or modulating them.