An online ensemble semi-supervised classification framework for air combat target maneuver recognition

Online target maneuver recognition is an important prerequisite for air combat situation recognition and maneuver decision-making. Conventional target maneuver recognition methods adopt mainly supervised learning methods and assume that many sample labels are available. However, in real-world applications, manual sample labeling is often time-consuming and laborious. In addition, airborne sensors collecting target maneuver trajectory information in data streams often cannot process information in real time. To solve these problems, in this paper, an air combat target maneuver recognition model based on an online ensemble semi-supervised classification framework based on online learning, ensemble learning, semi-supervised learning, and Tri-training algorithm, abbreviated as Online Ensemble Semi-supervised Classification Framework (OESCF), is proposed. The framework is divided into four parts: basic classifier offline training stage, online recognition model initialization stage, target maneuver online recognition stage, and online model update stage. Firstly, based on the improved Tri-training algorithm and the fusion decision filtering strategy combined with disagreement, basic classifiers are trained offline by making full use of labeled and unlabeled sample data. Secondly, the dynamic density clustering algorithm of the target maneuver is performed, statistical information of each cluster is calculated, and a set of micro-clusters is obtained to initialize the online recognition model. Thirdly, the ensemble K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN)-based learning method is used to recognize the incoming target maneuver trajectory instances. Finally, to further improve the accuracy and adaptability of the model under the condition of high dynamic air combat, the parameters of the model are updated online using error-driven representation learning, exponential decay function and basic classifier obtained in the offline training stage. The experimental results on several University of California Irvine (UCI) datasets and real air combat target maneuver trajectory data validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other semi-supervised models and supervised models, and the results show that the proposed model achieves higher classification accuracy.     

Optimization of One versus All-SVM using AdaBoost algorithm for rainfall classification and estimation from multispectral MSG data

In this paper, we implement the AdaBoost algorithm to optimize the classifications results of precipitations intensities carried out by One versus All strategy using Support Vector Machine (OvA-SVM). The model developed which combines the AdaBoost algorithm with a multiclass SVM is applied to images from the MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) satellite. Other variants to build multiclass SVMs, such as the OvO-SVM (One versus One SVM), SBT-SVM (Slant Binary Tree SVM) and DDAG-SVM (Decision Directed Acyclic Graph) are also implemented on which we tested the AdaBoost algorithm. The study showed that the AdaBoost algorithm performed better in the case of the OvA-SVM variant compared to the other variants.In order to evaluate the elaborated model, some classification techniques, such as the ECST Enhanced Convective Stratiform Technique (ECST), the SART where the Support vector machine, Artificial neural network and Random forest classifiers are combined, the Convective/Stratiform Rain Area Delineation Technique (CS-RADT) and the Random Forest technique (RFT) are applied. The classification results obtained show that AdaBoost with OvA-SVM (AdaOvA-SVM) presents very interesting performances where the evaluation parameters POD, POFD, FAR, BIAS, CSI and PC indicate the values 95.2%, 12.4%, 14.7%, 0.9, 88.1% and 96.5% respectively. Indeed, the AdaOvA-SVM technique has surpassed the CS-RADT, ECST and RFT techniques. As for the comparison with the SART, we noted that OvA-SVM presents very close results. The same trend was also observed when estimating precipitation. At the end of this study, it is shown that the AdaBoost algorithm performs better on a weak classifier or on a strong classifier operating in an unfavorable environment.     

基于极化神经网络的雷达舰船检测识别方法

相参雷达捕获的全极化海面目标距离-多普勒(RD)回波数据中，目标区域占比小、信噪比低，且海况环境与干扰种类多变，使得经典的深度神经网络在此种条件下检测识别精度较低。为此，本文提出了一种基于极化深度神经网络的全极化相参雷达海面目标检测识别算法。首先，引入极化特征提取模块挖掘目标与干扰的差异化特征;其次，通过特征金字塔网络解决小目标检测识别的问题;最后，使用级联结构进一步提升算法性能。在全极化相参雷达回波数据集上的测试结果表明:基于特征值与特征矢量的极化特征对于数据集中两类舰船目标的平均精度分别达到0.907 9与1.0，相比不采用极化特征有着显著提高。     

基于改进的卷积神经网络的步态识别

为了提高惯性传感器采集到的序列数据中步态识别的准确率，建立了一个激励层改进的卷积神经网络(CNN)模型。针对三轴加速度传感器对运动太过敏感导致步态周期划分不准确的问题，采用加速度传感器与弯曲度传感器组合获取人体运动信息。将CNN模型中激励层的线性整流函数（ReLU）改进为带泄露线性整流函数(Leaky ReLU)，以解决遇到卷积输出数据小于0时神经元被抑制的问题，进而达到提高步态识别准确率的目的。实验结果表明：激励层优化的CNN模型在行走、上下楼和上下坡五种步态模式下识别率达到了95.79%，与未采用弯曲度传感器的改进CNN模型和未进行激励层改进的CNN模型相比，步态识别率有所提高。     

超视距空战仿真中的策略识别

针对超视距空战仿真中敌机策略的识别问题,研究了一种基于案例的策略识别方法。该方法通过构建包含假定的对手任务目标、观测数据、策略等内容的案例库,采用相似度计算选择与新的观测相似的案例库子集,并计算策略概率分布来识别对手策略。实验证明,相比与常规的基于案例推理方法,在案例中增加敌机任务目标提高了策略识别准确率,并且在假定敌机目标不正确时,能修复错误假定并进行策略识别,改善了基于案例策略识别方法的性能。     

STABC-IR: An air target intention recognition method based on bidirectional gated recurrent unit and conditional random field with space-time attention mechanism

The battlefield environment is changing rapidly, and fast and accurate identification of the tactical intention of enemy targets is an important condition for gaining a decision-making advantage. The current Intention Recognition (IR) method for air targets has shortcomings in temporality, interpretability and back-and-forth dependency of intentions. To address these problems, this paper designs a novel air target intention recognition method named STABC-IR, which is based on Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and Conditional Random Field (CRF) with Space-Time Attention mechanism (STA). First, the problem of intention recognition of air targets is described and analyzed in detail. Then, a temporal network based on BiGRU is constructed to achieve the temporal requirement. Subsequently, STA is proposed to focus on the key parts of the features and timing information to meet certain interpretability requirements while strengthening the timing requirements. Finally, an intention transformation network based on CRF is proposed to solve the back-and-forth dependency and transformation problem by jointly modeling the tactical intention of the target at each moment. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the jointly trained STABC-IR model can reach 95.7%, which is higher than other latest intention recognition methods. STABC-IR solves the problem of intention transformation for the first time and considers both temporality and interpretability, which is important for improving the tactical intention recognition capability and has reference value for the construction of command and control auxiliary decision-making system.     

Surrogate role of machine learning in motor-drive optimization for more-electric aircraft applications

Motor drives form an essential part of the electric compressors, pumps, braking and actuation systems in the More-Electric Aircraft (MEA). In this paper, the application of Machine Learning (ML) in motor-drive design and optimization process is investigated. The general idea of using ML is to train surrogate models for the optimization. This training process is based on sample data collected from detailed simulation or experiment of motor drives. However, the Surrogate Role (SR) of ML may vary for different applications. This paper first introduces the principles of ML and then proposes two SRs (direct mapping approach and correction approach) of the ML in a motor-drive optimization process. Two different cases are given for the method comparison and validation of ML SRs. The first case is using the sample data from experiments to train the ML surrogate models. For the second case, the joint-simulation data is utilized for a multi-objective motor-drive optimization problem. It is found that both surrogate roles of ML can provide a good mapping model for the cases and in the second case, three feasible design schemes of ML are proposed and validated for the two SRs. Regarding the time consumption in optimizaiton, the proposed ML models can give one motor-drive design point up to 0.044 s while it takes more than 1.5 mins for the used simulation-based models.     

Effects of input method and display mode of situation map on early warning aircraft reconnaissance task performance with different information complexities

Early Warning Aircraft(EWA) are the main force for air detection and its Human-Machine Interface(HMI) should be designed to support task efficiency and safety. With the application of advanced input method and interface design in EWA, little is known about their actual usability in terms of human factors and ergonomics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the input method and display mode of the situation map on EWA reconnaissance task performance with different information c...     

Time resolved study of laser triggered electric discharge spark in atmosphere: Machine learning approach

In this paper we analyze the possibilities of using machine learning algorithms for analysis of optical spectra of electric discharge spark in atmosphere. Breakdown in air can be initiated by intense laser pulse, making plasma which has a significant electrical conductivity. The formed plasma can be further maintained by electric current obtained from capacitor discharge. In such a case the capacitor voltage can be much lower than the striking voltage (the voltage needed to initiate the electric breakdown in air). Present setup has timing precision and low jitter of fast laser and arbitrary high energies corresponding to capacitance and voltage to which the capacitor is charged. We have used a streak camera equipped with a spectrograph to analyze optical emission of plasma obtained in this way. Q-switched Nd:Yag laser was used to achieve the initial breakdown in air. Machine learning methods were used in order to classify optical spectra of plasmas with different electron temperatures obtained with different excitation energies. We have shown that, instead of using the usual way of identifying the spectral peaks and calculating their intensity ratio, it is possible to train the computer software to recognize the spectra corresponding to different electron temperatures. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of problem. We present possibilities of plasma electron temperature estimation based on several clustering algorithms.     

一种针对多光谱遥感图像的桥梁快速识别算法

提出了一种针对多光谱图像中桥梁的识别算法。首先,根据水体和背景地物在不同光谱波段的亮度差异,计算多光谱图像的水体指数得到水体增强图,搜索其具有明显双峰的直方图得到最优阈值,实现河流的完整提取；其次,利用桥梁的存在会导致局部水体的光谱异常,沿河流中间线进行潜在桥梁区域的快速提取；再进一步利用桥梁长度以及与河流的空间关系进行鉴别,有效剔除虚警。利用 SPOT4遥感影像进行实验,结果表明本文算法运算量小,对于多个桥梁的识别具有很好的实用性。