Precision orbit determination performance for CryoSat-2

In this paper we discuss our efforts to perform precision orbit determination (POD) of CryoSat-2 which depends on Doppler and satellite laser ranging tracking data. A dynamic orbit model is set-up and the residuals between the model and the tracking data is evaluated. The average r.m.s. of the 10?s averaged Doppler tracking pass residuals is approximately 0.39?mm/s; and the average of the laser tracking pass residuals becomes 1.42?cm. There are a number of other tests to verify the quality of the orbit solution, we compare our computed orbits against three independent external trajectories provided by the CNES. The CNES products are part of the CryoSat-2 products distributed by ESA. The radial differences of our solution relative to the CNES precision orbits shows an average r.m.s. of 1.25?cm between Jun-2010 and Apr-2017. The SIRAL altimeter crossover difference statistics demonstrate that the quality of our orbit solution is comparable to that of the POE solution computed by the CNES. In this paper we will discuss three important changes in our POD activities that have brought the orbit performance to this level. The improvements concern the way we implement temporal gravity accelerations observed by GRACE; the implementation of ITRF2014 coordinates and velocities for the DORIS beacons and the SLR tracking sites. We also discuss an adjustment of the SLR retroreflector position within the satellite reference frame. An unexpected result is that we find a systematic difference between the median of the 10 s Doppler tracking residuals which displays a statistically significant pattern in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SSA) area where the median of the velocity residuals varies in the range of ?0.15 to +0.15?mm/s.     

Analysis of BDS-3 distributed autonomous navigation based on BeiDou system simulation platform

Satellite autonomous navigation is an important function of the BeiDou-3 navigation System (BDS-3). Satellite autonomous navigation means that the navigation satellite uses long-term forecast ephemeris and Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements to determinate its own spatial position and time reference without the support of the ground Operation and Control System (OCS) for a long time to ensure that the navigation system can normally maintain the time and space reference. This paper aims to analyze the feasibility of distributed autonomous navigation algorithms. For the first time, a ground parallel autonomous navigation test system (GPANTS) is built. The performance of distributed autonomous navigation is then analyzed using the two-way ISL ranging of BDS-3 satellites. First, the BDS simulation platform and the GPANTS are introduced. Then, the basic principles of distributed satellite autonomous orbit determination and time synchronization based on ISL measurements are summarized. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of the BDS-3 constellation autonomous navigation service under ideal conditions through simulation data. Then the performance of autonomous navigation for 22 BeiDou-3 satellites using ISL measurements is evaluated. The results show that when satellites operate autonomously for 50 days without the support of any ground station, the User Range Error (URE) of autonomous orbit determination is better than 3 m, and the time synchronization accuracy is better than 4 ns.     

Local orbital debris flux study in the geostationary ring

A local orbital debris flux analysis is performed in the geostationary (GEO) ring to investigate how frequently near-miss events occur for each longitude slot in the GEO ring. The current resident space object (RSO) environment at GEO is evaluated, and publicly-available two-line element (TLE) data are utilized in tandem with a geostationary torus configuration to simulate near-miss events incurred by the trackable RSO population at GEO. Methodology for determining near-miss events with this formulation is introduced, and the results of the analysis for a one-year time frame are provided to illustrate the need for active GEO remediation.     

磁等离子体推力器工作机理与应用前景研究

研究了发动机能量输入、工质电离、等离子体加速及能量转换过程及机理,同时分析了磁等离子体推力器在空间推进任务中的应用前景.研究表明磁等离子体推力器主要利用电磁力加速和磁喷管的能量转换作用来实现加速,这种方式在大功率条件下,能够获得大推力、高功率和较长工作时间,在大功率轨道航天器和深空任务中有广阔的应用前景.     

基于hp自适应伪谱法的可调推力最优离轨研究

根据不同最优化指标要求,利用hp自适应伪谱法,对比分析了固定推力和可调推力制动离轨时的参数变化情况.通过研究发现,以燃料最省为优化指标,采用可调推力制动时,飞行器过渡段飞行时间更长,燃料消耗相对较小;而在时间最短指标要求下,可调推力制动虽消耗大量燃料,但能大大缩短过渡段飞行时间,有利于航天器在执行紧急任务时的快速返回.     

Elliptical formation control based on relative orbit elements

A new set of relative orbit elements（ROEs）is used to derive a new elliptical formation flying model.In-plane and out-of-plane motions can be completely decoupled,which benefts elliptical formation design.The inverse transformation of the state transition matrix is derived to study the relative orbit control strategy.Impulsive feedback control laws are developed for both in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions.Control of in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions can be completely decoupled using the ROE-based feedback control law.A tangential impulsive control method is proposed to study the relationship of fuel consumption and maneuvering positions.An optimal analytical along-track impulsive control strategy is then derived.Different typical orbit maneuvers,including formation establishment,reconfguration,long-distance maneuvers,and formation keeping,are taken as examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.The effects of relative measurement errors are also considered to validate the high accuracy of the proposed control method.     

空间大型结构体组装接口设计及装配性能分析

为满足超大型(公里级)空间结构在轨组装的需求,设计了一种全新的空间大型结构体组装接口并对其装配性能进行了详细的分析。首先,详细设计了一种纯机械式双锁定组装接口。其次,通过建立接口运动学模型,对组装接口的容差性能进行了分析,得出 X 方向容差为14.25 mm, Z 方向容差为15.84 mm,绕 X,Y,Z 三个轴的角度容差分别为5.65°、5.51°和5.34°。最后,对对接接口进行了ADAMS仿真分析,验证了容差分析的正确性,得到了对接机构接触力与静摩擦系数、机械臂推力、碰撞锥角之间的非线性影响关系,为空间对接机构的设计奠定了基础。     

含模型不确定性和状态约束的航天器姿态鲁棒控制

针对严格反馈三轴稳定航天器姿态控制问题,在考虑航天器系统存在模型不确定性、未知外部扰动、系统存在时延情况下,提出了一种鲁棒控制方法。首先建立航天器误差运动学和动力学模型,使用神经网络对系统不确定性和未知扰动进行逼近、引入障碍李雅普诺夫函数对系统状态约束进行处理;然后利用反步法构造一种鲁棒自适应姿态控制器,通过李雅普诺夫方法证明闭环系统是最终一致有界的;最后,结合工程实际经验对系统已知时延进行前馈补偿。半物理仿真结果表明了所设计控制器的有效性和鲁棒性。     

一种立方星编队重构多脉冲机动规划方法

针对立方星轨道机动能力约束,提出一种基于相对轨道根数动力学模型的多脉冲机动规划算法。对于相对轨道面内各分量之间的控制耦合问题,基于“先控制相对形状、后修正迹向距离”的策略,提出了满足速度增量约束的多脉冲机动规划算法;分析了近地轨道 J 2 摄动和大气阻力摄动对相对轨道的影响,并基于线性化的状态转移模型提出了迭代优化策略,以降低立方星在摄动影响下的轨道机动误差。仿真结果表明,所提出的多脉冲机动规划算法在不同任务条件下均可获得有效的机动规划,迭代优化策略可有效地提高终点位置的精度,在基于高精度轨道递推搭建的任务仿真中也验证了算法的有效性,可用于立方星编队构建和重构任务。     

Chaotic Characteristic Analysis of Air Traffic System

Chaotic characteristics of traffic flow time series is analyzed to further investigate nonlinear characteristics of air traffic system. Phase space is reconstructed both by time delay which is built through mutual information, and by embedding dimension which is based on false nearest neighbors method. In order to analyze chaotic characteristics of time series, correlation dimensions and the largest Lyapunov exponents are calculated through Grassberger-Procaccia （G-P） algorithm and small-data method. Five-day radar data from the control center in Guangzhou area are analyzed and the results show that saturated correlation dimensions with self-similar structures exist in time series, and the largest Lyapunov exponents are all equal to zero and not sensitive to initial conditions. Air traffic system is affected hy multiple factors, containing inherent randomness, which lead to chaos. Only grasping chaotic characteristics can air traffic be predicted and controlled accurately.