探月飞行的调相轨道

早期的探月飞行都采用直接由地球飞到月球的地月转移方式,探测器由运载火箭直接发送到地月转移轨道,这样做的好处是飞行时间比较短,只需3至5天的时间。20世纪90年代开始的新一轮探月活动中采用了一种新的飞行方式,探测器飞离地球前,先在绕地球飞行的调相轨道上运行若干圈,这样做的好处有三：一是可以在运载火箭能力不够的情况下,由探测器来补充;二是可以减小转移轨道中途修正的负担;三是可以扩大发射机会窗口。文章以嫦娥一号探测器及美、日的两个月球探测器为例,详细讨论了这种新的飞行方式,同时还对我国后续探月计划的飞行轨道提出了初步建议。     

基于滑模变结构的导弹高度控制系统设计

对一类采用过载控制的飞行器的高度控制系统,采用Lyapunov函数方法,进行了基于滑模理论的变结构控制器设计.该方案使得不同初始状态与控制目的的高度控制系统,均能在输入受限的条件下,收敛到系统原点领域.高度控制系统是一类非线性系统.本文通过构造Lyapunov函数方法,确保了系统的稳定性.最后仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性.     

低地球轨道航天器对接放电研究

文章介绍了低轨道航天器对接放电的产生机理,通过模拟试验、电路仿真和理论分析,研究了低轨道航天器对接产生静电放电的可能性、条件、放电强度、持续时间及其影响,并提出防止静电放电危害的措施,为工程应用提出参考建议。     

FY-3A极轨气象卫星

介绍了我国研制的风云三号A(FY-3A)极轨气象卫星的基本任务、轨道与发射窗口、构型与布局、主要技术参数、探测仪器配置、图像资料传输与存储,以及姿轨控和数管系统等总体概况.分析了卫星的技术特点.介绍了卫星入轨过程、平台和数传等在轨运行状况.给出了遥感仪器的工作及其部分应用结果.卫星近4个月的运行稳定,获取了大量的气象和环境数据.初步测试结果表明:FY-3A卫星大部分仪器性能与国际同类仪器比对一致,已达国际先进水平.     

J2摄动作用下近地轨道卫星编队构形长期演化机理分析

研究近地轨道卫星编队构形在引力摄动作用下的长期演化机理。把用转移矩阵法得出的相对运动分析解表达成一般轨道根数形式，为研究摄动影响而进一步表达成无奇点轨道根数形式；根据各轨道根数的J2摄动解分别研究编队构形在轨道坐标系三个方向上的振幅与相位的长期变化情况，揭示了构形引力摄动的长期演化机理；给出编队构形的摄动表达式，并以仿真实例验证其可信性；最后给出构形长期引力摄动的相关结论，并对编队构形设计提出建议，这将为研究编队构形的规划技术带来方便。     

Impact of DORIS ground antennas environment on their radio signal quality

Among the factors which may disrupt the DORIS measurements quality, the ground antennas environment is of high importance. For a set of 15 selected DORIS beacon, the differences between the effective and theoretical power received on-board the satellites (SPOT-5 and Envisat) have been analyzed in terms of spatial direction around the antenna. Such antenna maps have also been established regarding the Doppler residuals of the least-square precise orbit adjustment. Thanks to 360° views from the antennas and aerial views of the sites, the impact of the signal obstructions (trees, roofs, antennas …) on power attenuation and Doppler residuals is discussed. Depending on the nature of the obstructed object, the attenuation level can reach more than 5 dB, and the residual RMS of the orbit adjustment may be doubled from the nominal value, reaching 1 mm/s locally. The nature of the ground at the foot of the antennas has been correlated to DORIS signal quality at high elevation: reflections on flat surfaces (e.g. roofs) affect the signal more significantly than reflections on natural ground (e.g. soil). In particular, a modeling of the multipath phenomenon affecting Fairbanks site has been established and fits remarkably with the observations. Finally, an evaluation of the direct impact of obstructing objects on the orbit has also been performed. The example of a scaffolding at Kauai site displays a few millimeters error in the along-track position of the satellite.     

New improved orbit solutions for the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites

Improved orbit solutions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 have been computed in the ITRF2005 terrestrial reference frame using the recent models based mainly on IERS Conventions 2003. These solutions cover the periods 3 August 1991 to 8 July 1996 for ERS-1, and 3 May 1995 to 4 July 2003 for ERS-2. For each satellite, the final orbit solution is based on a combination of three separate orbit solutions independently computed at the Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) of the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), the Navigation Support Office of the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC, Germany) and the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany) using three different software packages for precise orbit determination, but using the same models in the same terrestrial reference frame within the European Space Agency (ESA) project ‘Reprocessing of Altimeter Products for ERS (REAPER)’. Validation using radar altimeter data indicates that the new combined orbits of ERS-1 and ERS-2 computed by us are significantly more accurate, approaching the 2–3 cm level in radial direction, than previously available orbit solutions.     

Validation of the new trapped environment AE9/AP9/SPM at low Earth orbit

The completion of the international space station (ISS) in 2011 has provided the space research community an ideal proving ground for future long duration human activities in space. Ionizing radiation measurements in ISS form the ideal tool for the validation of radiation environmental models, nuclear transport codes and nuclear reaction cross sections. Indeed, prior measurements on the space transportation system (STS; shuttle) provided vital information impacting both the environmental models and the nuclear transport code developments by indicating the need for an improved dynamic model of the low Earth orbit (LEO) trapped environment. Additional studies using thermo-luminescent detector (TLD), tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) area monitors, and computer aided design (CAD) model of earlier ISS configurations, confirmed STS observations that, as input, computational dosimetry requires an environmental model with dynamic and directional (anisotropic) behavior, as well as an accurate six degree of freedom (DOF) definition of the vehicle attitude and orientation along the orbit of ISS.     

全状态受限的高超声速飞行器的预定性能滤波反步控制

针对气动参数不确定和状态受限的高超声速飞行器的稳定跟踪控制问题，提出基于固定时间干扰观测器的预定性能滤波反步控制策略。首先，在反步控制的每一步中引入障碍Lyapunov函数，保证系统状态满足预先设定的约束要求。其次，设计固定时间干扰观测器对综合不确定进行估计；同时，构造新型的一阶滤波器避免传统反步控制的"计算爆炸"问题。再次，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明输出跟踪误差有界且状态满足约束要求。最后，通过对比仿真验证控制策略的有效性。     

遗传算法在通信卫星轨道优化设计中的应用

大椭圆通信卫星的发展，既是对传统通信卫星的有力补充，又可以为验证大椭圆轨道通信卫星技术提供平台，具有十分重要的意义。为解决重点区域24小时实时通信覆盖问题，提出了一种改进的遗传算法以寻求卫星组网的最优轨道参数设计。分析了星座的轨道面及相位布置，设计了个体编码方式并提出了改进算法性能的保优算子。仿真结果表明：提出的算法能够寻求到最优星座方案，该方案可为目标区域提供24小时实时通信，且算法的收敛速度快、稳定性好。