月球垂直软着陆轨道初步设计

采用圆锥曲线拼接法,建立了月球垂直着陆的数学模型;推导了地月转移轨道和一些重要参数的初步设计和计算方法。通过仿真,给出了理想情况下和考虑推力大小时月球垂直着陆轨道运动特性。对运动特性的分析结果可为轨道初步设计提供一定的参考。     

嫦娥一号绕月探测器轨道投入过程实时监测判定的原理与技术实现

深空探测任务中的轨道机动是保证探测器进入预定轨道的关键环节, 也是实际测控 任务中的重点和难点. 在轨道机动过程中, 探测器通过点火产生自身加速度, 此过程会造成飞行状态不稳定, 使得对卫星机动过程的预测和判定变得更加复杂. 针对这些问题, 结合中国第一个深空探测任务嫦娥一号(CE-1)卫星, 对其轨道机动段, 特别是近月点入轨制动这一关键弧段, 提出了基于视向速度对探测器飞行状态进行实时监测估计的原理和方法, 进一步建立了相应的实时监测系统, 并应用于实际工程任务, 同时对该系统的表现进行评估, 为未来深空探测中的类似问题提供了一种有效的解决方法.      

月球车刚性车轮与土壤相互作用的力学模型与测试

基于车辆地面力学中土壤的承压、剪切特性以及土力学中被动土压力理论,建立了月球车刚性车轮在松软土壤上前进和转向的轮地作用力学模型;通过数值计算,分析了土壤参数变化及车轮运动滑转率变化对挂钩牵引力、驱动力矩和转向力矩的影响;设计了一套车轮性能参数测试系统,对所设计的一种刚性车轮在松软土壤上运动的力学特性进行了初步的实验测试,并与所建立的力学模型进行了验证分析.      

"嫦娥一号"卫星轨控标定方法研究与实现

在航天测控任务中,对轨控效果进行标定并合理利用可以实现更为精准的轨道控制.提出了一种综合利用控前控后精密轨道、轨控过程遥测姿态数据、遥测加速度计测量数据对沉底发动机、轨控发动机、加速度计刻度系数进行标定的方法;介绍了该方法在中国首次月球探测任务中的应用情况;最后分析了标定结果对定轨及定姿精度的敏感程度,从而在理论上进一步说明在后续深空探测中利用精密轨道进行轨控标定的可行性和重要性.     

基于系统科学的复杂系统软件生命周期模型研究

复杂系统的核心功能主要由软件实现,软件对复杂系统的可信性和质量有至关重要的影响.目前复杂系统软件的研制和管理主要采用基于一般系统工程的方法,未考虑复杂系统所具有的开放性、涌现性、自组织性等特征,存在一定局限性.为保证复杂系统软件的可信性和质量,基于复杂系统的主要特征,引入系统科学的方法及理论对现有方法进行扩展,并结合敏...     

Long-wavelength lunar gravity field recovery from simulated orbit and inter-satellite tracking data

As has been demonstrated recently, inter-satellite Ka-band tracking data collected by the GRAIL (Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory) spacecraft have the potential to improve the resolution and accuracy of the lunar gravity field by several orders of magnitude compared to previous models. By means of a series of simulation studies, here we investigate the contribution of inter-satellite ranging for the recovery of the Moon’s gravitational features; the evaluation of results is made against findings from ground-based Doppler tracking. For this purpose we make use of classical dynamic orbit determination, supported by the analysis of satellite-to-satellite tracking observations. This study sheds particularly light on the influence of the angular distance between the two satellites, solar radiation modeling and the co-estimation of the lunar Love number k₂. The quality of the obtained results is assessed by gravity field power spectra, gravity anomalies and precision orbit determination. We expect our simulation results to be supportive for the processing of real GRAIL data.     

VLBI for better gravimetry in SELENE

The Japanese lunar explorer SELENE (SElenological and Engineering Explorer), to be launched in 2007, will for the first time utilize VLBI observations in lunar gravimetry investigations. This will particularly improve the accuracy to which the low degree gravitational harmonics and the gravity field near the limb can be measured, and when combined with Doppler measurements will enable three-dimensional information to be extracted. Differential VLBI Radio sources called VRAD experiment involves two on-board sub-satellites, Rstar and Vstar. These will be observed using differential VLBI to measure the trajectories of the satellites with the Japanese network named VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry) and an international VLBI network.     

Depth dependency of neutron density produced by cosmic rays in the lunar subsurface

Depth dependency of neutrons produced by cosmic rays (CRs) in the lunar subsurface was estimated using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo particle and heavy ion transport simulation code, PHITS, incorporating the latest high energy nuclear data, JENDL/HE-2007. The PHITS simulations of equilibrium neutron density profiles in the lunar subsurface were compared with the measurement by Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment (LNPE). Our calculations reproduced the LNPE data except for the 350–400 mg/cm² region under the improved condition using the CR spectra model based on the latest observations, well-tested nuclear interaction models with systematic cross section data, and JENDL/HE-2007.     

怀念恩师钱学森

作者从初见钱学森的印象、在工程力学研究班学习、从事早期卫星准备工作、合作进行远程星际航行后续研究、航天名词规范及航天科普宣传等多方面,回忆了钱学森对自己的引导、指导和教导。     

月面着陆动力下降段最优轨迹序列凸优化方法

针对月面着陆器动力下降制导过程中,时变惯性加速度和重力加速度难以估计与补偿等问题,提出一种基于序列凸优化的在线制导算法。在考虑月面曲率及月球自转的着陆器动力学建模基础上,首先对模型及约束条件进行凸化,得到一个二阶锥规划(SOCP)问题;然后对经典序列凸优化进行了改进,对时变加速度剖面予以实时估计和补偿,提升了现有优化算法的性能,使着陆器在尽可能节约燃料的前提下实现高精度着陆。仿真结果表明,与经典的显式制导律相比,所提出的算法在动力下降段燃料消耗更少。由多种位置偏差下的打靶分析结果可知,所提出的算法均能满足性能指标要求;即使起始位置存在±2500 m的较大波动时,仍能以高精度的速度、位置完成动力下降制导。