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291.
N. Remesh R.V. Ramanan V.R. Lalithambika 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(6):1787-1804
Two guidance schemes (i) fuel-optimal (ii) energy-optimal to realize soft landing at a desired location on the moon are developed using the optimal control laws. The optimal control laws are obtained by solving a two-point boundary value problem formulated based on Pontryagin’s principle. The guidance laws, adapted from the optimal control laws, are obtained as a function of unknown co-state variables. Differential Transformation (DT) technique is employed to determine the unknown co-states at each time instant of landing trajectory using the information on the current vehicle state, target landing site (loaded on-board apriori) and the time-to-go. The numerical integration of co-state dynamics is avoided due to the DT based approach. The time-to-go, a critical parameter for any guidance scheme, is computed and updated real time using a simple strategy which uses the current and end states. The simple strategy for time-to-go works well even when the shape of the trajectory is nonlinear. Extensive analysis is carried out to evaluate and compare the proposed guidance schemes. Further, the proposed schemes are compared with other popular guidance schemes. The DT based proposed schemes help quantify the landing masses for fuel-optimal and energy-optimal objectives. Other features of the proposed schemes are that they do not assume constant gravity field and independent of reference trajectory. 相似文献
292.
针对嫦娥5T服务舱(CE5T)拓展试验中的绕地大椭圆轨道,分析了轨道动力学演化趋势,通过测轨数据类型组合策略分析了统一S频段测量(USB)和甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)在定轨中的贡献,得到了百米级的精密定轨精度;针对地月第二平动点(L2)绕飞轨道,分析了地心和月心积分的轨道动力学差异,制定了精密定轨的参数求解策略,得到了百米级的精密定轨精度;针对月球交会对接轨道的特点,选取三种不同的重力场模型定轨,比较了三者在轨道预报和数据拟合的差异,并与嫦娥3号(CE3)环月轨道的定轨精度进行比对,验证了不同重力场的适用范围,从计算精度和效率两方面制定了优化的定轨策略。 相似文献
293.
294.
月球探测再入返回试验后续飞行方案研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对于中国月球探测再入返回飞行试验的剩余推进剂,研究并设计了后续飞行方案。首先,基于月球探测再入返回飞行试验任务结束后的轨道和卫星状况,分析了可行的探测目标,确定了以日地月空间和相应平动点作为探测目标的后续飞行方案。其次,针对后续飞行方案中的轨道设计与控制需求,研究了平动点轨道直接转移入轨方法和不同系统的平动点轨道转移方法。相对于目前常见的基于不变流形的平动点转移轨道设计方法,文章方法无需进行大量的流形计算,因而计算步骤简单,计算量大大降低,尤其便于实际飞行任务应用。最后,设计了后续飞行方案的飞行轨道和相应的控制方案,同时分析了控制操作的地面测控条件。研究结果表明,基于月球探测再入返回飞行试验任务的剩余推进剂,完全可以在日地月空间开展多项具有创新性和重要应用价值的飞行试验验证,为我国后续"夸父"和月球探测等深空探测任务积累宝贵的测控技术和经验,同时为后续深空探测的"多目标多任务"设计思路提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
295.
Manoranjan Sinha N.S. Gopinath N.K. Malik 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
This paper summarizes and provides a critical analysis of the historical developments of lunar gravitational models from the earliest use of ground based tracking systems of the Lunar Orbiter to the Lunar Prospector mission. This encompasses a comprehensive and critical analysis of the various methods used in the estimation of the gravity coefficients and the processing of large batches of diverse measurements and data types. It has been shown that weakness exists in the current models of the lunar gravity field, which is primarily due to the lack of far side lunar tracking data information, which makes the lunar potential modeling difficult but expected to be overcome as data from SELENE satellite-to-satellite tracking becomes available. Comparisons of various lunar models reveal an agreement in the low order coefficients of the spherical harmonics. However, substantial differences in the models exist in the higher-order harmonics. A numerical comparison has been presented showing the performance of all the contemporary lunar gravitational models used within the astrodynamics community and available in public domain. Improvements to the current models are part of a continuing process and the recent model improvements and future possibilities in lunar gravity modeling are discussed. A brief review of the recent missions has been presented. It is hoped that this critical review will benefit the researchers by presenting the historical as well as state of the art in this field. 相似文献
296.
D. Banerjee S. Vadawale 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
We present a forward modelling technique for calculating the surface X-ray spectra for a variety of lunar terrains. Our calculations considered variations in solar fluxes from solar quiescent condition to large flare activity (M1 flare), and expected elemental concentrations in the target, as well as yield, instrumental, and viewing geometry parameters for X-ray induced fluorescence from the lunar surface. Additionally, we present estimates of anticipated XRF signals from prominent Kα lines observable by a collimated 14 cm2 X-ray detector from a 100 km lunar orbit with ∼20 km spatial resolution. Our results show that Mg, Al and Si characteristic Kα lines can be observed for all solar conditions. The Ca Kα lines line can be differentiated from a fixed background during more energetic solar conditions such as C1 and M1 flares, whereas Ti and Fe lines are identifiable only during C1 and M1 solar flare conditions for Apollo 12 site composition. Both the Kα X-ray intensity ratios of Mg/Si and Al/Si correlate well with concentration ratios of Mg/Si and Al/Si, respectively, for B1 and M1 solar conditions. The Kα X-ray intensity ratios of Fe/Si and Ca/Si correlates with concentration ratios of Fe/Si and Ca/Si, respectively, for M1 solar condition. In principle, the modelling technique outlined here can be used to determine absolute elemental abundances (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe) from X-ray spectra measured during recent and future lunar missions. 相似文献
297.
采用圆锥曲线拼接法,建立了月球垂直着陆的数学模型;推导了地月转移轨道和一些重要参数的初步设计和计算方法。通过仿真,给出了理想情况下和考虑推力大小时月球垂直着陆轨道运动特性。对运动特性的分析结果可为轨道初步设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
298.
299.
《Acta Astronautica》2014,93(2):407-416
This paper discusses a landing response control system based on the momentum exchange principle for planetary exploration spacecraft. In the past, landing gear systems with cantilever designs that incorporate honeycomb materials to dissipate shock energy through plastic deformation have been used, but once tested before launch, the system cannot be used in a real mission. The sky crane system used for the Mars Science Laboratory by NASA can achieve a safe and precise landing, but it is highly complex. This paper introduces a momentum exchange impact damper (MEID) that absorbs the controlled object׳s momentum with extra masses called damper masses. The MEID is reusable, which makes it easy to ensure the landing gear׳s reliability. In this system, only passive elements such as springs are needed. A single-axis (SA) model has already been used to verify the effectiveness of MEIDs through simulations and experiments measuring the rebound height of the spacecraft. However, the SA model cannot address the rotational motion and tipping of the spacecraft. This paper presents a two-landing-gear-system (TLGS) model in which multiple MEIDs are equipped for two-dimensional analysis. Unlike in the authors׳ previous studies, in this study each MEID is launched when the corresponding landing gear lands and the MEIDs do not contain active actuators. This mechanism can be used to realize advanced control specifications, and it is simply compared with previous mechanisms including actuators, in which all of the MEIDs are launched simultaneously. If each MEID works when the corresponding gear lands, the rebound height of each gear can be minimized, and tipping can be prevented, as demonstrated by the results of our simulations. 相似文献
300.