可组装轻质空间结构技术研究进展

概述了当前可组装轻质空间结构的构建技术方法,具体包含嵌锁组装、堆叠组装、折叠成型、充气成型和张拉整体成型五种主流技术;以太空建造、月面栖息地和近空间飞行器为典型应用,介绍了现有可组装轻质空间结构技术的航空航天应用。最后,对比分析了各空间结构技术,讨论了现有挑战和技术难点,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望,旨在为今后航空航天任务中所需的轻量化空间结构研究提供参考。     

月球探测器LP精密定轨及月球重力场模型解算

对美国1998年发射的月球探测器LP任务阶段共19个月的双程测距测速轨道跟踪数据进行了精密定轨,对定轨结果通过轨道残差及重复弧段差异进行了精度评价。利用LP正常任务阶段三个月的轨道跟踪数据进行了月球重力场模型解算,通过重力场功率谱、轨道残差和月球自由空气重力异常对解算模型进行了精度评价。结果表明精密定轨及月球重力场模型解算合理。对进一步融合嫦娥一号轨道跟踪数据和LP数据解算自主的高精度月球重力场模型具有参考意义。
　
     

月球卫星的精密定轨

发射月球卫星是探测月球的一个重要途径,而且为了找水,多采用极轨方式.由于作为中心天体的月球与地球有所不同,导致月球卫星的运动及其相应的轨道摄动解亦有明显差异.在这种背景下,本文选择采用一组适用于0≤e<1和0°≤i<180°的无奇点根数、充分利用数值法和分析法各自特点的定轨方法,给出月球卫星的精密定轨方案,并以测距的模拟资料进行了实算,计算结果与理论分析相符,有实用前景.     

A simulation study for anticipated accuracy of lunar gravity field model by SELENE tracking data

Results of numerical simulations are presented to examine the global gravity field recovery capability of the Japanese lunar exploration project SELENE (SELenological and ENgineering Explorer) which will be launched in 2007. New characteristics of the SELENE lunar gravimetry include 4-way satellite-to-satellite Doppler tracking of main orbiter and differential VLBI tracking of two small free-flier satellites. It is shown that the proposed satellite constellation will provide the first truly global satellite tracking data coverage. The expected results from these data are; (1) drastic reduction in far-side gravity error, (2) estimation of many gravity coefficients by the observation, not by a priori information, and (3) one order of magnitude improvement over existing gravity models for low-degree field.     

月表陨坑检测轻量化深度学习方法

针对目前基于深度学习的陨坑检测方法存在的模型参数量大和检测速度慢的问题,提出了一种轻量化的深度学习陨坑检测方法。首先,采用通道剪枝方法删减卷积神经网络中冗余的卷积核,得到结构紧凑高效的陨坑检测模型。然后,使用轻量化的深度可分离卷积操作替换基础陨坑检测模型中的标准卷积操作,进一步降低了模型的复杂度。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的轻量化陨坑检测模型能够保证较高的像素预测精度,并且能够适应亮度、图像噪声等干扰因素的影响。同时,与轻量化处理前的模型相比,参数量减少了99.2%,检测速度提升了94%。     

The present status of the Japanese Penetrator Mission: LUNAR-A

The scientific objective of the LUNAR-A Japanese Penetrator Mission is to explore the lunar interior by seismic and heat-flow experiments. Two penetrators containing two-component seismometer and heat-flow probes will be deployed from a spacecraft onto the lunar surface, one on the nearside and the other on the farside of the moon. The data obtained by the penetrators will be transmitted to the ground station by way of the LUNAR-A mother spacecraft orbiting at an altitude of about 200 km. The seismic observations are expected to provide key data on the size of the lunar core, as well as data on the deep mantle structure. The heat-flow measurements at two different sites will also provide important data on the thermal structure and bulk concentrations of heat-generating elements in the Moon. These data will provide much stronger geophysical constraints on the origin and evolution of the Moon than has ever been obtained. The LUNAR-A mission was supposed to be launched in 2004. However, a malfunction of spacecraft subsystem and technical issues for penetrator system occurred during the course of the qualification level test. Therefore, further improvements and some modifications were considered to be required for reliability and robustness. The development of the mother spacecraft was temporarily suspended, while we have put a three-year program into effect to solve the penetrator technology issues.     

基于Zernike矩的高精度太阳图像质心提取算法

在基于太阳观测的月球车天文导航系统中,针对太阳传感器中图像噪声以及典型图像退化的不良影响,提出了一种基于Zernike矩的高精度太阳质心提取算法。采用Sobel算子进行边缘检测,Zernike矩重定位亚像素边缘,用最小二乘法拟合圆心。而当图像存在退化时,进行有效圆边缘点检测后,再用该法提取质心。从理论上分析了Zernike矩亚像素边缘检测对圆拟合法的改进作用。利用仿真图像和地表实验图像,将本文方法与传统的重心法、带阈值的重心法和圆拟合法进行了比较。结果表明,本文方法精度更高,具有更好的稳定性,可以对月球车天文导航精度的提高起良好作用。     

基于星星双中继的国际月球科研站的全时无缝通信

2021年中国提出与相关国家、国际组织和国际合作伙伴共同开展国际月球科研站建设的建议, 引起多方广泛关注, 国际月球科研站工程建设按计划顺利推进. 国际月球科研站建设完成后, 与中国地面控制中心间保持全时无缝通信将是重要需求. 中国地面深空测控网设立的国外站, 长期来看可能存在一定风险, 例如降低中国地面深空测控网的可用性, 影响国际月球科研站与地面控制中心间的全时通信. 为此, 根据中国对月探测现状, 借鉴天链中继卫星系统的设计、建设、应用、发展实际, 提出一个“鹊桥–天链”星星双中继通信设想. 从几何可见性角度进行多种条件的覆盖仿真分析, 并从传输体制、链路设计、系统组成、捕获跟踪、工作流程、整体定位等多方面进行研究分析, 初步完成了基于星星双中继的国际月球科研站全时无缝通信研究. 在地面控制中心统一控制下, 通过地面深空测控网、星星双中继的综合利用, 国际月球科研站与地面控制中心间的全时无缝通信将具备完全实现的技术基础. 此外, 该设想也可为地月空间、行星际探测的其他航天器通信提供借鉴, 并可进一步促进中国地基测控网、天基测控网和深空测控网的融合发展.     

月球着陆器最终下降段的制导与控制方法研究

对月球着陆器从约100m到30m之间高度的最终下降段的制导与控制方法进行了研究。提出了一种保证推力有界的简单制导方案,并从理论上严格证明了制导与姿态控制系统的几乎全局渐近稳定的性质。本文的创新之处在于：设计了嵌套饱和函数形式的特殊制导律,该制导律不仅满足主推力有界和可以防止姿态控制中的奇异问题,而且具有形式更为简单和调节着陆器的最大允许偏斜角等优点;得益于制导律的嵌套饱和函数形式,证明了目标角速度的全局有界性质,从而可以获得姿态子系统相对于制导子系统的分离性质。     

Plasma electron temperature variability in lunar surface potential and in electric field under average solar wind conditions

The Moon is immersed in plasma environment. The most interesting challenge of the lunar plasma– field environment is that it is alternatively dominated by the extended but variable outer atmosphere of the Earth – the magnetosphere – and by the extended but highly variable solar atmosphere – the solar wind. Understanding the plasma environment and its interaction with the lunar surface will be beneficial to both manned and robotic surface exploration activities and to scientific investigations. Presented is a preliminary map of variations of lunar surface electric potential over the day side and night side using probe equations and a discussion on dust dynamics in this E-field structure using the data from Electron Reflectometer in Lunar Prospector spacecraft during 1998–1999. On the day side, potential is around 5 V and on the night side it reaches up to −82 V. On the night side region, only highly energetic electrons can overcome this large negative potential. The variation at electron temperature (T_e) strongly reflects in the surface potential. The potential reaches to a value of −82 V for T_e = 58 eV. Surface charging causes the electrostatic transport of charged dust grains. Dust grain size of 0.1 μm shows a levitation height of 4.92 m on lunar day side, 748 m on terminator region and 3.7 km on the night side. The radius of maximum sized grain to be lofted, R_max, peaks at the terminator region (R_max = 0.83 μm). At the transition region dust levitation is almost absent. This region is most suited for exploration activities as the region is free from hazards caused by lunar dust.