水下重力辅助惯性导航关键技术研究及实现

重力辅助惯性导航已渐成水下导航领域的研究热点,其实现是一项复杂的工程,涉及多项的关键技术.文章首先介绍了重力辅助导航的基本原理;之后详细阐述了在真实海洋环境下,重力辅助导航所需解决的若干关键技术问题,并给出了相应的研究成果;最后总结了我国水下重力辅助导航的发展趋势及研究的若干建议.     

Inversion of satellite gradiometry data using statistically modified integral formulas for local gravity field recovery

The satellite gravity gradiometric data can be used directly to recover the gravity anomaly at sea level using inversion of integral formulas. This approach suffers by the spatial truncation errors of the integrals, but these errors can be reduced by modifying the formulas. It allows us to consider smaller coverage of the satellite data over the region of recovery. In this study, we consider the second-order radial derivative (SORD) of disturbing potential (T_rr) and determine the gravity anomaly with a resolution of 1° × 1° at sea level by inverting the statistically modified version of SORD of extended Stokes’ formula. Also we investigate the effect of the spatial truncation error on the quality of inversion considering noise of T_rr. The numerical investigations show satisfactory results when the area of T_rr coverage is the same with that of the gravity anomaly and the integral formula is modified by the biased least-squares modification. The error of recovery will be about 6 mGal after removing the regularization bias in the presence of 1 mE noise in T_rr measured on the orbit.     

光电技术在中国深空探测中的应用

文章简单回顾了中国深空探测已走过的历程和正在进行的项目,展望了今后的发展;分析了深空探测器及其有效栽荷对光电技术的需求;重点对中国已发射的月球探测器"嫦娥一号"、"嫦娥二号"中应用的光电技术和获取的成果,正在研制的"嫦娥三号"探测器中所应用的光电技术,月球探测三期和今后可能发展的深空探测项目中预计采用的光电技术的研制工...     

基于可通过性的月面巡视探测器路径规划算法

应用于行星探测车的路径规划算法需要根据地形环境信息和车体的越障能力两方面进行考虑。结合月面巡视探测器移动子系统的通过特性以及地形信息将地图栅格进一步细分,使用了四个安全性指标描述车体静止或运动时的通过性,并将其引入到A~*与D~*两种规划算法的代价当中,给出了算法的流程,并通过仿真进行了验证。     

月球软着陆器动力学建模研究

建立准确、实用的月球着陆探测器动力学模型,是制导、导航和控制系统方案设计中的首要工作,文中月球软着陆探测器的推进剂贮箱采用横向对称分散布局的形式,并分析了布局方式对液体推进剂晃动的影响;将贮箱内液体考虑一阶弹簧质量模型,应用虚功率原理建立包含液体推进剂晃动的月球软着陆探测器从动力下降段至最终着陆段的动力学模型,并对动力学下降段进行了数值仿真,仿真结果可为月球软着陆探测器控制系统设计提供理论参考。     

航天器机械臂柔性力控辅助装配方法

文章从装配的实际需求出发,提出一种航天器机械臂柔性力控辅助装配方法:通过在机械臂末端法兰与负载之间安装的六维力传感器感知作用力与力矩信息,人手直接作用于机械臂末端的负载,系统通过负载的重力补偿算法获得人手作用的力与力矩信息,而后以力/力矩信息作为输入来控制机械臂进行移动或转动,使负载柔性跟随人手运动。文章给出了装配方法的详细设计方案与相关算法,并进行了初步试验验证。试验表明,该装配方法可以有效提高在航天器狭小空间内进行大重量工件安装的效率,且安全可靠。     

利用6S进行月光条件下遥感器信号模拟研究

以太阳为光源的卫星遥感器,可以采用6S或MODTRAN等辐射传输计算软件对其入瞳处的辐亮度进行计算。而在微光或月光条件下,遥感器是对观测目标反射的月亮辐射进行遥感观测,因此在进行辐射传输计算时需要代入月球的辐照度数据。可以利用已公布的月球表面反射率和已知的大气层外太阳辐照度来计算月球辐照度,并对6S辐射传输计算进行适当的修改进行计算。通过对月球辐照度计算原理进行了详细的描述并计算得到了波长在0.250μm~1.500μm范围内的月球表面辐照度,并给出了一个宽波段遥感器的微光动态范围。     

微型飞机降低重心位置对稳定性的影响

由于微型飞机有最大尺寸的限制,通常平尾/升降舵距离机翼和全机重心很近,造成气动效率和纵向静稳定性都比较低。研究了不使用平尾/升降舵、而是通过降低微型飞机重心位置来获得纵向静稳定性的思路。分析了重心低置情况下的纵向力矩平衡关系,推导了相应的纵向静稳定性的计算公式,并构造了计算模型和试飞样机进行实例分析。结果表明,通过降低重心位置可以有效地增大微型飞机的纵向静稳定性,并可以在没有平尾的情况下实现纵向力矩平衡和获得静稳定性。其静稳定性裕度可以通过重心与气动中心的纵向距离来调节。     

Air-LUSI: A robotic telescope design for lunar spectral measurements

This paper presents the mechanical design of a new robotic telescope that was designed and built to acquire lunar spectral measurements from the science pod of NASA's ER-2 aircraft while flying at an altitude of 70,000 feet (21.34 km). The robotic telescope used a double gimbal design that allowed for target tracking in azimuth and elevation. In addition to the challenging and restrictive geometry of the science pod, each component needed to be carefully selected to ensure that they could withstand the operating conditions at high altitude such as harsh temperatures extending as low as −54 °C and atmospheric pressure less than 1.05 psi (7.23 kPa). Due to the cold temperatures, low atmospheric pressure and the likely exposure to moisture, high strength industrial linear actuators were used to create an adjustable linkage system that controlled the pointing and tracking of the telescope. Although unconventional, this allowed for a robust design that outperformed the team's expectations by tracking the Moon for 40 min with an average tracking error under 0.05°. The results presented within this paper were acquired during a first set of engineering test flights, with further scientific missions to follow.     

Design and experimental performance verification of a thermal property test-bed for lunar drilling exploration

Chinese Chang'e lunar exploration project aims to collect and return subsurface lunar soil samples at a minimum penetration depth of 2 m in 2017. However, in contrast to those on the Earth, automated drilling and sampling missions on the Moon raise the risk of burning bits.Test-beds are required for testing the thermal properties of drill tools in a lunar environment. In this paper, a novel temperature measuring method based on thermocouples and a slip ring was proposed. Furthermore, a data acquisition system for a drilling process was designed. A vacuous,cryogenic, and anhydrous soil environment simulating the lunar surface was established. A drilling test-bed that can reach a depth of 2.2 m was developed. A control strategy based on online monitoring signals was proposed to improve the drilling performance. Vacuum and non-vacuum experiments were performed to test the temperature rising effect on drill tools. When compared with the non-vacuum experiment, the vacuum temperature rise resulted in a 12 °C increase. These experimental results provide significant support for Chinese lunar exploration missions.