紫外月球敏感器的几个关键问题

论述了紫外月球敏感器的由来和功能,从基本原理、消杂光设计、能量 与孔径选择、月像处理和姿态提取算法、超大视场消杂光等关键问题的解决进行 了阐述,并得出结论。     

基于MDO方法的月球探测卫星总体设计

根据月球探测卫星任务及环境的特点,在将多学科设计优化(MDO)方法用于卫星总体概念阶段的设计。分析了卫星总体设计中轨道设计、卫星设计和发射选择间的耦合关系与协同效应,建立了MDO的简化模型。用单级整体优化策略(AAO)和多岛遗传算法(MIGA)进行优化。算例结果表明,MDO简化模型可有效解决卫星概念设计阶段中的多学科耦合。     

基于虚拟落点策略的月球返回飞船再入制导方法

针对长航程大偏差状况下阿波罗再入制导算法的精度退化问题提出改进,采用数值预测-校正方法规划和调制线性参数化的倾侧角剖面,给出了一种在全航程包络内适用的月球返回飞船再入制导方法。引入虚拟落点策略,在一次再入段利用算法预测能力预测二次再入段初始侧向偏差并进行前馈补偿,给出了简便有效的虚拟落点瞄准程序。大偏差任务想定下的蒙特卡洛仿真分析表明,该算法在3000km到10000km的再入航程范围内,能够确保偏差小于3km的落点精度。     

基于天文和陆标观测的月球卫星自主导航方法

随着我国月球探测工程的开展,为弥补地面测控的局限性,月球卫星的自主导航技术已成为     

基于数据库技术的故障诊断知识库管理系统设计

为解决传统大型复杂系统故障诊断专家系统中存在的知识库庞大、难于维护管理的问题,结合数据库技术设计了一套基于Windows平台的知识表示和知识库管理系统。该系统充分利用了数据库技术,实现了对知识库中知识的存储、添加、删除、修改和查询以及编辑过程中的一致性、完备性和冗余性要求,通过将该系统应用到运载火箭测试发射中的故障诊断专家系统中,一定程度上实现了知识处理的自动化,为运载火箭故障诊断专家系统的开发和运用奠定了重要基础。     

构建廊坊市政府新型服务管理体系——知识管理

本文试着以廊坊市政府知识管理体系建设为切入点,作为打开市政府知识管理大门的钥匙,在发展完善知识管理理论体系、开拓知识库应用领域的同时,对促进政府适应知识经济发展、向知识型政府转变有一定的启发和指导作用。     

首颗自主地月转移微卫星“龙江二号”

本文对世界首颗独立完成地月转移、近月制动、环月飞行的微卫星“龙江二号”进行了介绍。首先阐述了龙江二号的任务目标和总体方案;然后重点分析了轨道设计与控制、复杂电磁干扰的标定与抑制、宽视场三维基线干涉测量等关键技术难点;接着回顾了任务的实施过程;最后详细介绍了低频射电探测仪、沙特光学相机和VHF/UHF通信模块与学生微型CMOS相机等有效载荷,并展示了上述载荷获取的初步成果。     

An ion analyzer for the lunar surface with E-parallel–B

We present a novel instrument concept to measure the energy and mass spectra of ions incident on the lunar surface, based on the E-parallel–B or Thomson-parabola device used extensively as a diagnostic in the plasma fusion community. The Apollo-era Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) was the first instrument package to perform in-situ measurements of ions incident on the lunar surface. The ions can originate from a variety of sources, including the solar wind, the Earth’s magnetotail, and photoionization of the thin lunar atmosphere. The species and energy distribution of ions arriving at the lunar surface depend in a complicated and poorly-understood fashion on the phase of the lunar day, the position of the Moon with respect to the Earth, and on the local plasma environment.     

Integrity of sulfur concrete subjected to simulated lunar temperature cycles

In view of potential application as a construction material on the lunar surface the mechanical integrity of sulfur concrete was evaluated after being subjected to simulated temperature cycles. Here, small cubes of sulfur concrete were repeatedly cycled between room (20 °C) and liquid nitrogen (−191 °C) temperatures after which they, and non-cycled cubes, were evaluated by compression testing. The compression strength of the non-cycled samples averaged ∼35 MPa (5076 psi) before failing whereas the cycled samples fractured at about 7 MPa (1015 psi). Microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces from the cycled samples showed clear de-bonding of the sulfur from the aggregate whereas it was seen adhering in those non-cycled. Based on a simple analysis it was concluded that the large strength discrepancy between cycled and non-cycled samples is due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials constituting the concrete.     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.