月面探测器月夜生存方法研究

提出一种月面探测器月夜生存方法,将探测器月面模式分为月昼工作模式和月夜休眠模式,并设计实现两种模式间的可靠转换。在月夜休眠模式将探测器设备断电解决无光照无太阳阵功率的问题;利用放射性同位素热源解决月夜期间探测器的热源问题,保证设备的存储温度;通过设计休眠光照唤醒和休眠定时时钟唤醒两种冗余设计方法实现探测器两种模式的转换。该方法已通过试验验证,可以为其他深空探测任务提供参考和借鉴。     

多约束条件下月亮对IGSO/MEO卫星干扰预报方法

针对IGSO/MEO卫星倾斜轨道(55 °)和偏航主动姿态控制的特殊性,研究了适用倾斜中高轨卫星月球干扰的亮度模型、地球遮挡模型、几何满足模型,提出了多元素约束条件下的月球干扰预报方法,解决了传统预报算法虚警概率较大的问题.实际控制结果表明,该方法实现了对在轨IGSO/MEO卫星地球敏感器月球干扰的准确预报,取得了很好的应用效果.     

用于单晶叶片应力分析的滑移本构模型

为了建立适用于镍基单晶涡轮叶片的有限元分析平台,基于有限变形晶体滑移理论和有限元软件AN-SYS接口参数要求,导出了增量型本构方程公式。采用变刚度法,以切线系数法为初值,采用局部牛顿拉弗森迭代解法,编制了晶体弹塑性滑移本构模型程序,并以子程序Usermat的形式植入ANSYS软件。计算模拟了DD3试棒不同取向的单向拉伸和循环应力应变过程,讨论了〈011〉方向上的应变软化行为和该本构模型对DD3镍基单晶涡轮叶片的良好应用性。数值仿真结果与实验数据对比吻合良好,验证了程序的正确性。     

First-order feasibility analysis of a space suit radiator concept based on estimation of water mass sublimation using Apollo mission data

Thermal control of a space suit during extravehicular activity (EVA) is typically accomplished by sublimating water to provide system cooling. Spacecraft, on the other hand, primarily rely on radiators to dissipate heat. Integrating a radiator into a space suit has been proposed as an alternative design that does not require mass consumption for heat transfer. While providing cooling without water loss offers potential benefits for EVA application, it is not currently practical to rely on a directional, fixed-emissivity radiator to maintain thermal equilibrium of a spacesuit where the radiator orientation, environmental temperature, and crew member metabolic heat load fluctuate unpredictably. One approach that might make this feasible, however, is the use of electrochromic devices that are capable of infrared emissivity modulation and can be actively controlled across the entire suit surface to regulate net heat flux for the system. Integrating these devices onto the irregular, compliant space suit material requires that they be fabricated on a flexible substrate, such as Kapton film. An initial assessment of whether or not this candidate technology presents a feasible design option was conducted by first characterizing the mass of water loss from sublimation that could theoretically be saved if an electrochromic suit radiator was employed for thermal control. This is particularly important for lunar surface exploration, where the expense of transporting water from Earth is excessive, but the technology is potentially beneficial for other space missions as well. In order to define a baseline for this analysis by comparison to actual data, historical documents from the Apollo missions were mined for comprehensive, detailed metabolic data from each lunar surface outing, and related data from NASA’s more recent “Advanced Lunar Walkback” tests were also analyzed. This metabolic database was then used to validate estimates for sublimator water consumption during surface EVAs, and solar elevation angles were added to predict the performance of an electrochromic space suit radiator under Apollo conditions. Then, using these actual data sets, the hypothetical water mass savings that would be expected had this technology been employed were calculated. The results indicate that electrochromic suit radiators would have reduced sublimator water consumption by 69.0% across the entire Apollo program, for a total mass savings of 68.5 kg to the lunar surface. Further analysis is needed to determine the net impact as a function of the complete system, taking into account both suit components and consumable mass, but the water mass reduction found in this study suggests a favorable system trade is likely.     

基于结构件实例库的飞机机体结构快速建模

为充分利用和借鉴已有的飞机结构件设计方案实例信息,研究了面向对象的参数化结构件实例描述方法,提出了飞机结构件实例库的总体框架并开发了系统的原型.研究了基于实例库的飞机机体结构设计措施及建模方法,提出了翼面结构和机身结构的参数化描述和模型构建方法,并在一个开放式的飞机总体设计环境中完成了基于实例库的飞机结构快速设计功能.最后通过应用示例说明了该系统和方法的有效性.     

基于热力学的HTPB/AP复合底排药损伤本构模型及损伤差异分析

为研究HTPB/AP复合底排药（CBBG）单轴拉伸力学性能,进行了准静态（233~301 K,8.3×10^-5~8.3×10^-1 s^-1）和冲击（233~323 K,1 200~8 000 s^-1）加载实验。实验结果表明,各工况下的真应力应变曲线均有明显的屈服点,初始模量、屈服应力及后屈服阶段形态均呈现显著的温度和应变率相关性。在不可逆热力学框架内,推导了热力学力表达式和内变量演化法则,结合初始模量和屈服应力模型,建立了黏弹-黏塑-损伤本构模型。根据HTPB/AP CBBG宽泛温度和应变率实验数据,利用一维形式的本构模型进行了参数辨识和模型验证。结果表明,该模型能较准确描述黏弹性阶段和后屈服阶段。不同工况下的损伤演化律表明,冲击加载和低温均有利于损伤扩展。     

基于人工势场法的月球表层采样装置避障规划

表层采样技术是获取地外天体土壤样品的重要手段,为在月表复杂地形、不确定着陆姿态、不规则器表包络约束下,快速获取安全的表层采样动态轨迹,文章根据四自由度表层采样装置设计,分析了工作过程中的正逆运动学关系;根据表层采样装置动、静态目标点运动要求,将约束空间分解为有效障碍检测区与不可达集,进行表层采样避障规划;为加快规划速度,针对表层采样装置瞬态构型构建了动态障碍检测区、动态不可达集;结合人工势场法提出了避障规划算法。对典型姿态下表层采样过程的避障规划仿真表明,该算法可实现约束条件下的表层采样轨迹规划,并对表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。     

月球探测再入返回试验后续飞行方案研究

对于中国月球探测再入返回飞行试验的剩余推进剂,研究并设计了后续飞行方案。首先,基于月球探测再入返回飞行试验任务结束后的轨道和卫星状况,分析了可行的探测目标,确定了以日地月空间和相应平动点作为探测目标的后续飞行方案。其次,针对后续飞行方案中的轨道设计与控制需求,研究了平动点轨道直接转移入轨方法和不同系统的平动点轨道转移方法。相对于目前常见的基于不变流形的平动点转移轨道设计方法,文章方法无需进行大量的流形计算,因而计算步骤简单,计算量大大降低,尤其便于实际飞行任务应用。最后,设计了后续飞行方案的飞行轨道和相应的控制方案,同时分析了控制操作的地面测控条件。研究结果表明,基于月球探测再入返回飞行试验任务的剩余推进剂,完全可以在日地月空间开展多项具有创新性和重要应用价值的飞行试验验证,为我国后续"夸父"和月球探测等深空探测任务积累宝贵的测控技术和经验,同时为后续深空探测的"多目标多任务"设计思路提供有益借鉴。     

含BuNENA钝感交联改性双基推进剂能量分析

利用推进剂配方理论计算程序,计算了Bu NENA钝感交联改性双基推进剂的能量性能。结果表明,标准理论比冲随粘合剂GAP/NC比例和增塑比的变化很小;随固体含量、固体填料RDX/AP/Al配比的变化很大。CL-20取代AP后,Bu NENA推进剂在固体含量为70%,其中CL-20为39%~52%范围内(相应的Al粉含量在7%~10%范围),都可得到2700N·s/kg以上的理论比冲值,是一个有潜力的集高能、钝感、低特征信号于一身的推进剂体系。     

月球探测器软着陆机构展开动力学仿真分析

可展开的软着陆机构是月球探测器的重要组成部分。以带间隙的多体系统动力学理论 为基础,针对一型采用四支撑悬臂式软着陆机构的月球探测器在ADAMS中建立了虚拟样机模 型,分别就主着陆腿系统结构柔性,主着陆腿与基体连接间隙,展开驱动力及探测器自旋等 因素对软着陆机构展开过程的影响进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在机构展开锁定瞬间由于结 构柔性会产生难以衰减的振动,而间隙在一定程度上有利于该振动衰减。展开驱动力越大, 展开越快,锁定激振振幅越大,但由展开进入稳定状态所需总时间可更短。探测器自旋则有 助于机构的展开,但自旋速度较高时对结构振动有明显影响。该结果可为软着陆机构展开方 案的设计提供帮助。