High energy cosmic-ray nuclei results on Ulysses: 2. Effects of a recurrent high-speed stream from the southern polar coronal hole

Since June 1992 the Kiel Electron Telescope on board ULYSSES measures 26-day variations of the order of 6% in the fluxes of high energy H and He. In May 1993 ULYSSES entered into the unipolar region of the southern polar coronal hole, but continued to observe similar effects: increases in the MeV proton channels due to acceleration near the shocks of the corotating interaction region and decreases in the intensity of galactic nuclei associated with the same region. Amplitude variations are presented for different magnetic rigidities and the effects are discussed in view of corotating shock development in a 3-dimensional heliospheric structure.     

HTPB推进剂低温断裂性能试验研究

为研究温度和加载速率对HTPB推进剂断裂性能的影响,开展了HTPB推进剂低温断裂韧性试验,测定了不同温度和加载速率下含Ⅰ型裂纹推进剂试件的断裂韧性值,并研究了试件厚度对断裂韧性值的影响。结果表明:随着温度的降低和加载速率的增加,推进剂断裂韧性值逐渐增大,且断裂韧性值与加载速率的对数呈线性关系,温度越低,加载速率的变化对断裂韧性的影响越显著;在常温和-40℃下厚试件的断裂韧性值比薄试件要大,并且低温下这种变化更明显。最后得到了推进剂断裂韧性的二次函数主曲线。     

Experimental and numerical studies of a lean-burn internally-staged combustor

A lean-burn internally-staged combustor for low emissions that can be used in civil avi-ation gas turbines is introduced in this paper. The main stage is designed and optimized in terms of fuel evaporation ratio, fuel/air pre-mixture uniformity, and particle residence time using commer-cial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） software. A single-module rectangular combustor is adopted in performance tests including lean ignition, lean blowout, combustion efficiency, emis-sions, and combustion oscillation using aviation kerosene. Furthermore, nitrogen oxides （NOx） emission is also predicted using CFD simulation to compare with test results. Under normal inlet temperature, this combustor can be ignited easily with normal and negative inlet pressures. The lean blowout fuel/air ratio （LBO FAR） at the idle condition is 0.0049. The fuel split proportions between the pilot and main stages are determined through balancing emissions, combustion efficiency, and combustion oscillation. Within the landing and take-off （LTO） cycle, this combustor enables 42%NOx reduction of the standard set by the 6th Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection （CAEP/6） with high combustion efficiency. The maximum board-band pressure oscillations of inlet air and fuel are below 1%of total pressure during steady-state operations at the LTO cycle specific conditions.     

雷诺数对跨声速压气机转子内部流动失稳触发机理的影响

利用带有先进转捩模型的数值模拟方法,对高低两种雷诺数下的跨声速压气机转子NASA Rotor67的内部流动进行了数值模拟.对比了不同雷诺数下叶片内部复杂三维流动,剖析了雷诺数影响风扇转子流动失稳的机制.研究发现:雷诺数降低使得叶片表面低能流体增多,径向迁移加剧,造成叶片顶部吸力面分离加剧;且雷诺数降低使得叶顶间隙泄漏流强度减弱,间隙泄漏流和主流相互作用造成的叶片顶部流场堵塞减弱.雷诺数通过上述两种作用影响压气机转子的失稳机制.     

Research on windmill starting characteristics of MTE-D micro turbine engine

Micro turbine engine (MTE) is an important kind of propulsion system for miniature unmanned aircraft or missiles, because of its better high-speed performance (than propeller propulsion) and higher propulsion efficiency (obviously than rockets). Windmill start is a common air-starting mode used in micro turbine engine. The windmill starting characteristics are important to the practical use of micro turbine engine. In this paper, the windmill starting characteristics research for a 12 cm diameter (MTE-D) micro turbine engine is carried out by experiment and numerical simulation. The characteristic of rotor mechanical losses at low-speed condition is stud- ied, and the engine common working line of windmill starting process is obtained. Based on the engine windmill characteristics, the propane ignition characteristics under different inflow conditions are researched, and the envelope of propane ignition and propane flameout is determined. The experimental research of fuel supply and ignition characteristics is completed, and the envelope of fuel supply and ignition is obtained. The windmill stage, propane ignition stage, fuel ignition stage and acceleration process from idling-speed to 80% full speed of MTE-D micro turbine engine is optimized, and the optimization windmill starting parameters are collected. The successful wind-mill starting experiment under this condition with engine speed up to 80% full speed indicates that these starting parameters are reasonable. All the starting parameters of MTE-D micro turbine engine obtained in this work are dimensionless parameters, and the conclusions obtained in this study have some reference to other micro turbine engines with the similar structural form and starting process.     

Dynamical Systems Approach to Space Environment Turbulence

Space plasmas are dominated by waves, instabilities and turbulence. Dynamical systems approach offers powerful mathematical and computational techniques to probe the origin and nature of space environment turbulence. Using the nonlinear dynamics tools such as the bifurcation diagram and Poincaré maps, we study the transition from order to chaos, from weak to strong chaos, and the destruction of a chaotic attractor. The characterization of the complex system dynamics of the space environment, such as the Alfvén turbulence, can improve the capability of monitoring Sun-Earth connections and prediction of space weather. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复合材料加筋板冲击后损伤容限研究

研究复合材料加筋板受冲击后的损伤演化具有较高的工程应用价值。首先,以某型无人机拟应用的复合材料加筋壁板(T300/BA9913)为研究对象,对其进行低速冲击试验;在壁板中央处和肋与壁板胶结处进行冲击,其冲击能量取6.67 J/mm,测量凹坑深度和分层损伤面积。然后,应用商业软件ABAQUS,编写相应的VUMAT子程序对冲击损伤进行模拟,软件中采用适宜的材料模型、单元种类并建立不同属性的接触,把基于应变的三维Hashin准则运用于复合材料单层板的损伤失效准则中去。最后,运用基于断裂韧度的连续的刚度退化方针对材料的刚度折减。将所建立的冲击模型的模拟结果与冲击试验数据进行对比,证明了冲击模型的有效性和准确性。     

大型卫星太阳能帆板的分布式振动控制

针对大型卫星太阳能帆板（LSSP）振动主动控制器设计复杂、在轨扩展不易且容错性能有限等问题,提出一种适用于模块化结构的分布式振动控制方法。首先,根据LSSP的结构特点划分控制子模块,建立面向分布式控制的子模块动力学模型,并结合卡尔曼滤波算法设计各子模块线性二次最优振动控制器;然后,考虑各子模块之间的测量信息交互,提出应用于LSSP整体结构的分布式振动控制系统并分析闭环系统稳定性。最后,给出数值仿真算例以验证所提控制方法的有效性。结果表明,采用可扩展的分布式控制器,LSSP的振动能够得到有效抑制,且控制系统的容错性能良好。     

CFRP/钛合金叠层构件低温钻削的轴向力与成孔质量研究

CFRP和钛合金叠层构件以其优异的性能广泛应用于航空、航天、汽车等领域。二者由于材料加工特性的差异,需要采用不同的钻削工艺参数才能获得满意的加工质量。为保证孔同轴度和加工效率,通常采用同一参数一体钻孔。一体钻孔会导致孔的界面烧伤、复材表面划伤、孔径一致性差等问题。为解决上述问题,提出一种低温钻孔工艺,通过钻削试验,研究低温条件下CFRP/钛合金叠层构件钻孔的轴向力、孔径一致性和表面质量。试验表明,低温条件下CFRP/钛合金叠层构件钻孔的轴向力增加,孔径一致性和表面质量均得到改善,证明了低温下CFRP/钛合金叠层构件一体钻孔的可行性。     

基于噪声匹配的有源接收天线设计

为了提高接收天线的增益和灵敏度,采用将天线与低噪声放大器集成到一起设计的方案,将天线的输出阻抗作为放大器的源阻抗,省略了天线与放大器之间的阻抗匹配网络。通过调节天线馈电系统的尺寸调节天线阻抗,使其等于放大器的最佳源阻抗。利用HFSS仿真软件计算天线的辐射特性及阻抗,用ADS Designer软件对低噪声放大器进行优化设计。利用2SC5507晶体管设计了一个工作于2．0GHz的与低噪声放大器集成在一起的缝隙耦合微带天线,所设计的噪声系数为1．664dB,放大器增益为16．75dB。