基于大气阻力的卫星编队沿航迹方向的变结构控制

分析了大气阻力对近地轨道卫星轨道参数的影响,用变结构控制设计了基于大气阻力的编队构型沿航迹方向的控制。将中心的漂移距离和编队卫星的面质比之差作为输入量,设计滑模面进行编队控制,用极限环方式消除了在滑膜面附近的频繁切换。仿真结果验证了该控制律的正确性。     

LDPC编码系统的码辅助载波相位同步算法

深空通信具有传输距离远、信号衰减严重的特点,针对低信噪比条件下深空通信系统中LDPC编码系统载波同步实现困难的问题,提出一种新的具有较低复杂度的码辅助载波同步算法。分析了载波同步误差对译码性能的影响,基于最大似然准则推导了载波相位的迭代同步算法,算法利用LDPC译码器输出的软判决信息来辅助载波相位的估计,将译码器与载波同步器进行联合迭代,从而得到接近最大似然估计性能的载波相位估计,同时对载波相位进行迭代补偿。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比条件下,算法能够有效纠正载波偏差,并能够以较低的系统复杂度获得近似理想同步的LDPC码译码性能。     

空间舱外机动装置发展综述

介绍了国外几种主要空间舱外机动装置的特点和性能，比较分析了系绳、机械、喷气机动等舱外机动装置的特点。认为小型的喷气机动装置（SAFER）最适合作为我国今后航天员空间活动的机动与救生工具。     

An improved numerical method for constructing Halo/Lissajous orbits in a full solar system model

An improved numerical method that can construct Halo/Lissajous orbits in the vicinity of collinear libration points in a full solar system model is investigated. A full solar system gravitational model in the geocentric rotating coordinate system with a clear presentation of the angular velocity relative to the inertial coordinate system is proposed. An alternative way to determine patch points in the multiple shooting method is provided based on a dynamical analysis with Poincare′sections. By employing the new patch points and sequential quadratic programming, Halo orbits for L_1, L_2, and L_3 points as well as Lissajous orbits for L_1 and L_2 points in the EarthMoon system are generated with the proposed full solar system gravitational model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

地球同步轨道薄膜太阳帆的姿态轨道控制方法

薄膜太阳帆（FSS）是集推进、发电和姿轨控功能于一体化的超大型挠性太阳帆式航天器,通过调整薄膜反射率产生可变推力和力矩,实现其姿态和轨道运动控制。结合薄膜太阳帆在地球同步轨道运行时的受力特性进行了轨道漂移分析。通过建立薄膜太阳帆动力学模型及受力模型,提出了调整帆面角度轨道修正方法以及基于薄膜光压力矩角动量卸载的长期在轨对日定向面内双轴动量轮稳定控制方法。通过系统仿真验证表明所提的轨道修正和对日定向控制方法是合理有效的,可使薄膜太阳帆长期在定点位置维持对日定向。     

大跨时空任务背景下的太阳能无人机任务规划技术研究进展

通过任务规划技术合理的优化太阳能无人机的飞行轨迹和动力学参数,能够有效提高太阳能无人机的能量利用率,使其胜任许多大范围跨时间跨空间飞行任务。从能量建模、续航评估和能量管理策略3个方面对大跨时空任务背景下太阳能无人机任务规划技术的研究进展进行了综述。在能量建模方面,介绍了当前主流的太阳辐射模型和能量生产基本框架;在续航评估方面,分析了目前的指标设计和应用方法;在能量管理策略方面,从能量综合应用、风力滑翔机制、轨迹优化方法和面向特定任务的应用4个角度,梳理了当前的研究现状。最后,对该领域未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。     

考虑局部遮挡的太阳能无人机能源控制

针对太阳能无人机在飞行状态下可能出现的太阳能电池局部遮挡情况,开展相应的太阳能电池最大功率点追踪算法和能源控制研究。通过将发光亮度引入相对吸引力计算过程对萤火虫算法进行改进,实现了局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的高效追踪。以此为基础,设计了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能无人机的太阳能电池/蓄电池混合能源状态机控制规则。以"蒲公英I"无人机为例,建立了太阳能电池阵列模型,开展了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能电池最大功率点追踪仿真实验;基于"蒲公英I"飞行剖面,开展了考虑局部遮挡情况的混合能源控制仿真试验。研究结果表明：改进的萤火虫算法可以实现在局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的有效跟踪,与萤火虫算法相比收敛时间更短、且功率波动幅度更小;采用改进萤火虫算法和状态机能源管理策略,在考虑局部遮挡的飞行状态下可以实现太阳能电池/蓄电池之间的合理功率分配与控制。     

Sunspot activity and cosmic ray modulation at 1 a.u. for 1900–2013

The descent of sunspot cycle 23 to an unprecedented minimum of long duration in 2006–2009 led to a prolonged galactic cosmic ray (GCR) recovery to the highest level observed in the instrumental era for a variety of energetic charged particle species on Earth, over a wide range of rigidities. The remarkable GCR increase measured by several ground-based, balloon-borne, and detectors on a satellite is described and discussed. It is accompanied by a decrease in solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field at 1 a.u., reaching the lowest values since measurements of the solar wind began in October 1963; the solar polar field strength (μT) measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO) is also significantly reduced compared to prior cycles since the start of the program in 1976, the polar field in the northern hemisphere reversed in June 2012 and again in February 2014, that in the southern hemisphere reversed in July 2013. If updates of WSO data confirm the second reversal in northern solar hemisphere, it would pose a serious challenge to the Dynamo Theory. The long-term change in solar behavior may have begun in 1992, perhaps earlier. The physical underpinnings of these solar changes need to be understood and their effect on GCR modulation processes clarified. The study discusses the recent phenomena in the context of GCR modulation since 1900. These happenings affected our empirical predictions for the key parameters for the next two sunspot cycles (they may be progressively less active than sunspot cycle 24) but it enhanced support for our prediction that solar activity is descending into a Dalton-like grand minimum in the middle of the twentyfirst century, reducing the frequency of the coronal mass ejections; they determine the space weather affecting the quality of life on Earth, radiation dose for hardware and human activities in space as well as the frequency of large Forbush decreases at 1 a.u.     

低能自由空气电离室优化设计

借助于空气比释动能的基本定义和概念以及空气比释动能绝对测量的理论方法,分析了自由空气电离室可以作为空气比释动能绝对测量方法的原理和条件。通过平板型与圆柱型自由空气电离室的优劣比较,选择平板型作为研究对象,详细介绍了经典的平板型自由空气电离室,并通过理论分析计算以及模拟计算的方法,优化设计包括：光阑半径、空气衰减长度、极间距等低能自由空气电离室的关键几何尺寸,以最小化空气比释动能测量时产生的总不确定度。     

倾斜轨道小卫星太阳高度角分析与机动方案设计

针对倾斜轨道小卫星必然会面对的光学姿态敏感器受阳光干扰的问题,分析太阳高度角的变化规律,提出了计算太阳高度角的经验公式,并在此基础上提出了平台偏航姿态机动方案,可以使光学姿态敏感器规避阳光干扰,并可以简化整星热控和帆板驱动设计,提高了整星的可靠性.