Space debris: Assessing risk and responsibility

We model the orbital debris environment by a set of differential equations with parameter values that capture many of the complexities of existing three-dimensional simulation models. We compute the probability that a spacecraft gets destroyed in a collision during its operational lifetime, and then define the sustainable risk level as the maximum of this probability over all future time. Focusing on the 900- to 1000-km altitude region, which is the most congested portion of low Earth orbit, we find that – despite the initial rise in the level of fragments – the sustainable risk remains below 10^-3${10}^{-3}$ if there is high (>98%) compliance to the existing 25-year postmission deorbiting guideline. We quantify the damage (via the number of future destroyed operational spacecraft) generated by past and future space activities. We estimate that the 2007 FengYun 1C antisatellite weapon test represents ≈1%$\approx 1\%$ of the legacy damage due to space objects having a characteristic size of ?10$?10$ cm, and causes the same damage as failing to deorbit 2.6 spacecraft after their operational life. Although the political and economic issues are daunting, these damage estimates can be used to help determine one-time legacy fees and fees on future activities (including deorbit noncompliance), which can deter future debris generation, compensate operational spacecraft that are destroyed in future collisions, and partially fund research and development into space debris mitigation technologies. Our results need to be confirmed with a high-fidelity three-dimensional model before they can provide the basis for any major decisions made by the space community.     

一种有电压补偿电路的高性能低压CFOA及其小信号分析

提出了一种新型的电流反馈型运算放大器,该电路所具有的电压补偿电路克服了以往基于CMOS的CFOA两个输入端静态条件下不平衡的缺点,NMOS与PMOS互补的输入结构提高了电路的信噪比。采用0.6μm工艺参数(低阈值),1.5V电源电压,利用HSPICE进行了仿真,获得了4.95mW的功耗,4.5 kΩ的输入电阻,53.5°的相位裕度以及与增益无关的带宽和极大的转换速率。     

Semi-global leader-following consensus-based formation flight of unmanned aerial vehicles

In this paper, we investigate a formation control problem of multi-agent systems(specifically a group of unmanned aerial vehicles) based on a semi-global leader-following consensus approach with both the leader and the followers subject to input saturation. Utilizing the low gain feedback design technique, a distributed static control protocol and a distributed adaptive control protocol are constructed. The former solves the problem under an assumption that the communication network is undirecte...     

基于交互式多模型的红外／雷达低小慢目标跟踪算法研究

研究了基于交互式多模型（IMM）的低小慢目标跟踪问题。基于低小慢目标运动特征的分析,以及目标匀速（CV）直线、匀加速（CA）直线、曲线飞行航迹模型,给出了目标跟踪的IMM算法及其流程。仿真结果表明：该算法能稳定精确跟踪低空目标。     

利用高斯伪谱法求解小推力伴星最优释放轨迹

针对近距离相对运动的轨道控制问题,提出用常值小推力完成最优转移的方法。基于C-W方程,推导了相对运动解析解的表达式,讨论了在无控条件下能够形成稳定绕飞构型的初始相对速度和相对位置的限制条件,以此限制条件作为终端条件,以伴星释放时近似为零的相对速度和相对位置为初始条件,建立了利用连续小推力实现的伴星释放最优控制问题的模型。选用了高斯伪谱法将最优控制问题离散化,转化成非线性规划问题并通过系列二次规划法完成求解。数值仿真算例表明,利用高斯伪谱法求解此问题可以有效地收敛到最优解。     

近地轨道集群航天器电磁编队飞行非线性反馈控制方法

针对近地轨道集群航天器电磁编队飞行的动力学和控制问题, 提出了一种非线性反馈控制方法. 基于电磁力模型和地磁场模型, 分析了地磁场对近地轨道电磁编队的影响; 建立了集群航天器电磁编队高精度相对轨道动力学模型; 基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了一种非线性反馈控制律, 利用该方法对两星电磁编队维持控制进行了仿真验证. 仿真结果表明, 地磁场引起的电磁干扰力可以忽略, 但是电磁干扰力矩的影响必须考虑; 近地轨道集群航天器电磁编队是可控的, 所设计的控制方法是可行的.      

Space radiation environment in low earth orbit during influences from solar and geomagnetic events in December 2006

In low earth orbit, the SAA region is the dominant contributor to both proton environment and electron environment from the standpoint of radiation dose for spacecraft lifetime. However, the polar region and the horn region are sometimes strongly disturbed due to large solar and geomagnetic events. During large disturbances, enhancements in proton flux are measured in the polar region, which gives temporary more severe space radiation environment than that given in the SAA region. On the other hand, enhancements in electron flux are measured mainly in the horn region corresponding to the outer radiation belt, which are likely sources of high-energy electrons in the inner radiation belt. These short-term disturbances have another radiation hazard to spacecraft such as single event and electrostatic discharge.     

从地球到日-火系平动点轨道的转移

平动点轨道特殊的空间位置及动力学特征,使其在深空探测中具有重要的应用。以日-火系平动点轨道(Lissajous与Halo轨道)任务为目标,结合平动点轨道的不变流形理论,研究了小推力转移问题。首先给出了圆型限制性三体动力学模型下平动点附近不变流形(稳定和不稳定流形)高阶分析解以及相应的计算实例。接着以流形分析解为基础,建立了初始小推力轨道优化模型,并利用改进的协作进化算法求解初始小推力轨道。最后将初始轨道离散,采用多点打靶法将最优控制问题转化为参数优化问题,并用序列二次规划方法(SQP)求解。仿真结果证明轨道设计方法的有效性。     

乌鲁木齐机场近30年低能见度天气特征分析

应用乌鲁木齐机场30年(1981-2010)的观测资料,分析了该机场低能见度天气特征和变化趋势.结果表明:低能见度日数增长趋势明显;造成机场低能见度的主要天气是雾、浓烟和沙尘暴;95％的低能见度天气主要出现在冬半年,仅有5％的低能见度天气出现在夏半年;近年来大雾和浓烟日数明显增长,沙尘暴日数却明显降低,新疆地区气候向暖湿化的转化可能是出现这种变化的主要原因.     

涡轮轴低周疲劳寿命可靠性分析及优化设计方法研究

为保障涡轮轴在多种不确定性因素影响下的可靠性和寿命性能,建立了涡轮轴低周疲劳寿命可靠性分析与优化设计方法.搭建了涡轮轴结构分析、可靠性分析和可靠性优化设计的参数化平台,实现了设计参数的不同访问值处结构分析和可靠性分析的自主调用.提出了改进Monte Carlo结合自适应Kriging的算法(A-MCS-AK),通过多点...