Midday bottomside electron density profiles during moderate solar activity and comparison with IRI-2001

Bottomside electron density (Ne-h) profiles during midday (10–14 h) are analyzed using modern digital ionosonde observations at a low-middle latitude station, New Delhi (28.6N, 77.2E, dip 42.4N), for the period from January 2003 to December 2003, pertaining to moderate solar activity (MSA). Each individual profile is normalized with respect to the peak height and density (hmF2, NmF2) of the F2-region. These profiles are compared with those obtained from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2001) model. Bilitza [Bilitza, D. International Reference Ionosphere 2000. Radio Sci. 36 (2), 261–275, 2001] using both the options namely: Gulyaeva’s model [Gulyaeva, T.L. Progress in ionospheric informatics based on electron density profile analysis of ionograms. Adv. Space Res. 7 (6) 39–48, 1987] and B0 Tab. option [Bilitza, D., Radicella, S.M., Reinisch, B.W., Adeniyi, J.O., Mosert Gonzalez, M.E., Zhang, S.R., Obrou, O. New B0 and B1 models for IRI. Adv. Space Res. 25 (1), 89–95, 2000]. The study reveals that during summer and equinox, the IRI model with B0 Tab. option in general, produces better agreement with the observed median profiles, while the IRI predictions using Gulyaeva’s option, overestimate the electron density distribution at all the heights below the F2-peak. However, during winter, in general, the IRI model, using both the options, reveals shows fairly good agreement with the observations.     

Resonant motion, ballistic escape, and their applications in astrodynamics

A special set of solutions governing the motion of a particle, subject to the gravitational attractions of the Earth, the Moon, and, eventually, the Sun, is discussed in this paper. These solutions, called resonant orbits, correspond to a special motion where the particle is in resonance with the Moon. For a restricted set of initial conditions the particle performs a resonance transition in the vicinity of the Moon. In this paper, the nature of the resonance transition is investigated under the perspective of the dynamical system theory and the energy approach. In particular, using a new definition of weak stability boundary, we show that the resonance transition mechanism is strictly related to the concept of weak capture. This is shown through a carefully computed set of Poincaré surfaces, at different energy levels, on which both the weak stability boundary and the resonant orbits are represented. It is numerically demonstrated that resonance transitioning orbits pass through the weak stability boundaries. In the second part of the paper the solar perturbation is taken into account, and the motion of the resonant orbits is studied within a four-body dynamics. We show that, for a wide class of initial conditions, the particle escapes from the Earth–Moon system and targets an heliocentric orbit. This is a free ejection called a ballistic escape. Astrodynamical applications are discussed.     

低温动态准双轴拉伸加载下HTPB推进剂的热老化性能

为分析热老化后三组元端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂在低温动态准双轴加载下的性能，开展了不同热加速老化时间、不同温度和应变率条件下推进剂的准双轴拉伸力学性能试验及扫描电镜(SEM)观察试验。试验结果表明：热加速老化前后，推进剂的拉伸曲线趋势、力学性能变化规律及细观损伤形式保持一致，改进型非线性模型能够更好地描述1~100 s -1 应变率范围内典型力学性能参数随热老化时间的非线性变化关系。随温度降低，老化后推进剂的断面形貌由“脱湿”变为AP颗粒断裂，热老化、低温以及高应变率载荷的叠加使得推进剂的细观损伤变得更加严重，但准双轴拉伸时损伤程度相比单轴拉伸时有所减弱。热老化32 d、74 d和98 d后-50 ℃、 14.29 s -1 加载条件下的最大伸长率分别为未老化时室温、0.40 s -1 条件下数值的28.79%、27.58%和25.63%，该参数定义可为分析长期贮存后战术导弹SRM药柱在低温点火条件下结构完整性失效的准则提供数据支持。     

A new eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary with a giant companion

We detected hard X-ray emission from the unidentified Galactic bulge source 1RXS J175721.2-304405 with ASCA. The observed absorption column, flux and power-law index led us to consider that 1RXS J175721.2-304405 may be a new low-mass X-ray binary located near the Galactic center. Furthermore, the X-ray light-curve shows a step-function-like time variability, which is likely due to the occultation of a companion star. Future follow-up observations by missions such as ASTROSAT may reveal a periodic eclipse from 1RXS J175721.2-304405 if it is covered long enough. Since the long orbital period suggests a giant companion, follow-up observations will give firm evidence that 1RXS J175721.2-304405 is a new and rare eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary with a giant companion.     

低信噪比下快速分裂Bregman迭代ISAR超分辨率成像

针对低信噪比条件下的逆合成孔径雷达ISAR(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar)超分辨率成像处理问题,提出了一种基于快速分裂Bregman迭代的ISAR超分辨率成像算法.首先,在正则化框架下,将方位分辨率的提高问题转化为一个正则化问题;其次,利用托普利兹矩阵的低位移秩特征和Gohberg-...     

Seasonal variability of GPS-VTEC and model during low solar activity period (2006–2007) near the equatorial ionization anomaly crest location in Chinese zone

Variability of vertical TEC recorded at Fuzhou (26.1°N, 119.3°E, geomagnetic latitude 14.4°N), Xiamen (24.5°N, 118.1°E, geomagnetic latitude 13.2°N), Nanning (22.8°N, 108.3°E, geomagnetic latitude 11.4°N), China, during the low solar activity in 2006–2007 have been analyzed and discussed. Remarkable seasonal anomaly was found over three stations with the highest value during spring and the lowest value during summer. The relative standard deviation of VTEC is over 20% all the time, with steady and smooth variation during daytime while it has a large fluctuation during nighttime. The biggest correlation coefficient was found in the VTEC-sunspot pair with a value of over 0.5. It seems that solar activity has a better correlation ship than geomagnetic activity with the variation of VTEC and better correlations are found with more long-term data when comparing our previous study. The results of comparing observation with model prediction in three sites reveal again that the SPIM model overestimates the measured VTEC in the low latitude area.     

冲压发动机模型燃烧室低压燃烧性能试验

低压不利于燃烧,从化学动力学角度分析,压力降低导致空气密度降低,化学反应速率降低。用冲压发动机模型燃烧室进行了低压燃烧试验,结果显示：进口压力pin从0.094 MPa变至0.065 MPa,燃烧效率由大变小;压力降低到0.065 MPa时,燃烧室燃烧性能急剧恶化,燃烧极不稳定,随时可能因压力波动或油气参数变化而熄火。无传焰槽时燃烧效率随压力的变化规律与有传焰槽的一致,但燃烧效率相对低一些。     

辐射加热设备的开发及运用

介绍了中国航天空气动力技术研究院辐射加热设备的开发及运用情况.设备包括0-150 kW的石英灯加热器,试验舱,真空系统以及控制系统.在辐射加热设备上对低密度隔热材料在不同低压下的隔热性能进行了研究,所用模型横截面积为100 mmx100 mm,最长运行时间2000 s,低密度隔热材料的表面温度高达1000 K,试验舱最低压力为10 Pa.     

Impact of GPS antenna phase center variations on precise orbits of the GOCE satellite

The first European Space Agency Earth explorer core mission GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) has been launched on March 17, 2009. The 12-channel dual-frequency Global Positioning System receiver delivers 1 Hz data and provides the basis for precise orbit determination (POD) on the few cm-level for such a very low orbiting satellite (254.9 km). As a member of the European GOCE Gravity Consortium, which is responsible for the GOCE High-level Processing Facility (HPF), the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) provides the Precise Science Orbit (PSO) product for the GOCE satellite. The mission requirement for 1-dimensional POD accuracy is 2 cm. The use of in-flight determined antenna phase center variations (PCVs) is necessary to meet this requirement. The PCVs are determined from 154 days of data and the magnitude is up to 3-4 cm. The impact of the PCVs on the orbit determination is significant. The cross-track direction benefits most of the PCVs. The improvement is clearly seen in the orbit overlap analysis and in the validation with independent Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements. It is the first time that SLR could validate the cross-track component of a LEO orbit.     

Extension of the low diffusion particle method for near-continuum two-phase flow simulations

The low diffusion (LD) particle method, proposed by Burt and Boyd, is modified for the near-continuum two-phase flow simulations. The LD method has the advantages of easily coupling with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for multi-scale flow simulations and dramatically reducing the numerical diffusion error and statistical scatter of the equilibrium particle methods. Liquidor solid-phase particles are introduced in the LD method. Their velocity and temperature updating are respectively, calculated from the motion equation and the temperature equation according to the local gas properties. Coupling effects from condensed phase to gas phase are modeled as momentum and energy sources, which are respectively, equal to the negative values of the total momentum and energy increase in liquid or solid phase. The modified method is compared with theoretical results for unsteady flows, and good agreements are obtained to indicate the reliability of the one-way gas-to-particle coupling models. Hybrid LD-DSMC algorithm is implemented and performed for nozzle discharging gas-liquid flow to show the prospect of the LD-DSMC scheme for multi-scale two-phase flow simulations.