Venus transfer design by combining invariant manifolds and low-thrust arcs

The design of interplanetary trajectories based on patched circular restricted three body models is gradually becoming a valuable alternative to the classical patched conic approach. The main advantage offered by such a model is the possibility to exploit the manifold dynamics to move naturally far from or toward a body. Generally, propulsive maneuvers are required to match these structures. Low-thrust arcs offer the possibility to have a significant propellant mass reduction when moving from manifold to manifold. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to design low-thrust trajectories between two planetary orbits connecting the manifolds of two circular three body systems. The approach is based on a grid search on the main parameters governing the solution to identify those trajectories moving within the manifold images on given Poincarè sections. The value of the Jacoby constant of the target libration point periodic orbit is chosen as stop condition for the thrusting phases. Ballistic arcs follow up to the proper Poincarè section intersection. A grid search for an Earth to Venus transfer is presented as test case.     

Nighttime ionosphere–thermosphere coupling observed during an intense geomagnetic storm

The electrodynamics of the ionosphere in the tropical region presents various scientific aspects, which remain subject of intensive investigations and debates by the scientific community. During the year 2002, in a joint project between the Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP) and Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), a chain of three Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs) was established nearly along the geomagnetic meridian direction, for tropical ionospheric studies, such as, changes and response due to geomagnetic disturbances and thermosphere–ionosphere coupling and the generation and dynamics of ionospheric irregularities, in the Brazilian sector. The locations of the three ionosondes stations are São José dos Campos (23.2°S, 45.9°W, dip latitude 17.6°S – under the southern crest of equatorial ionospheric anomaly), Palmas (10.2°S, 48.2°W, dip latitude 5.5°S – near the magnetic equator) and Manaus (2.9°S, 60.0°W, dip latitude 6.4°N – between the geographic and geomagnetic dip equators). It should be pointed out that Palmas and Manaus are located on the opposite sides of the magnetic equator but both are south of the geographic equator. The three CADIs work in time-synchronized mode and obtain ionograms every 5 min. This configuration of the ionospheric sounding stations allowed us to study the F-region dynamics during geomagnetically disturbed period in the meridional direction. Just after the installation and testing of the three CADIs, on September 05, 2002 a coronal mass ejection (CME) left the Sun and about 2 days after the CME left the Sun, it reached the Earth’s magnetosphere and complex and multi step events took place during the period September 07–09. In the study we note that the equatorial stations located north (Manaus, dip latitude 6.4°N) and south (Palmas, dip latitude 5.5°S) of the dip equator presented significant F-layer height asymmetries during the storm main phase. In addition, the low-latitude station SJC (dip latitude 17.6°S) presented decrease in the F-layer densities (negative phase), whereas Palmas presented increase in the F-layer densities (positive phase) during the main phase. This was followed by positive phase at both the stations. During the first night of the recovery phase a strong formation and evolution of large-scale ionospheric irregularities (equatorial spread-F (ESF)) was observed, but on the second night of the recovery phase, there was strong and almost simultaneous sporadic E (Es) formation at all three stations. During the presence of Es, spread-F formation is not observed, indicating the suppression of spread-F, possibly by sporadic E.     

Effects of solar activity variations on the low latitude topside nighttime ionosphere

We have studied the topside nighttime ionosphere of the low latitude region using data obtained from DMSP F15, ROCSAT-1, KOMPSAT-1, and GUVI on the TIMED satellite for the period of 2000–2004, during which solar activity decreased from its maximum. As these satellites operated at different altitudes, we were able to discriminate altitude dependence of several key ionospheric parameters on the level of solar activity. For example, with intensifying solar activity, electron density was seen to increase more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes, implying that the corresponding scale height also increased. The density increased without saturation at all observed altitudes when plotted against solar EUV flux instead of F10.7. The results of the present study, as compared with those of previous studies for lower altitudes, indicate that topside vertical scale height increases with altitude and that, when solar activity increases, topside vertical scale height increases more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes. Temperature also increased more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes as solar activity increased. In addition, the height of the F2 peak was seen to increase with increasing solar activity, along with the oxygen ion fraction measured above the F2 peak. These results confirm that the topside ionosphere rises and expands with increasing solar activity.     

低温真空密封的试验研究

文章主要介绍了在氦制冷机冷箱的特定低温真空环境下,几种不同密封结构的密封试验的情况,并说明它们在实际应用中的效果。     

基于最大值投影的运动点目标检测算法及其性能

针对低信噪比序列图像中微弱点状运动目标检测,提出了一种基于最大值投影构造组合帧图像与帧序号图像的检测算法,给出了算法的计算步骤。用建立的检测率和虚警率的分析模型,讨论了检测率、虚警率、信噪比、构造组合帧的图像帧数间的关系。仿真结果表明,通过合理选择组合帧数,该算法可有效检测出低信噪比条件下图像序列中的运动点目标和交叉运动的多点目标。     

一种用于便携式GPS接收机射频芯片的低功耗低噪声放大器

针对便携式GPS系统对低功耗射频前端的需求,基于SMIC 180nm 1P6M RF CMOS工艺提出一种具有单端转差分功能的低功耗低噪声放大器。为了实现低功耗的目标,低噪声放大器的晶体管均被偏置在中等反型区。考虑ESD保护和焊盘寄生效应,后仿真结果显示,在最差工艺角情况下,增益为19dB,三阶交截点为-14dBm,噪声系数为4.2dB,输入回损为-8dB。在0.7V供电电压下,功耗为1mW,增益功耗比为19dB/mW,十分适合应用在便携式手持GPS领域。     

用于实现LTCC双平衡混频器的宽带巴伦设计

文章介绍了一种用于实现C频段LTCC（Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic。低温共烧陶瓷）双平衡混频器的宽带巴伦设计。该巴伦是基于LTCC技术设计的多层结构巴伦,利用了LTCC多层技术的优点,采用宽边耦合线结构,可增加耦合线的耦合系数,从而可增加巴伦的带宽。设计的巴伦频率范围为5．575GHz-6．775GHz,具有插损小、平衡度好等优点,可应用于C频段LTCC7,K平衡混频器。文章介绍了Marchand巴伦的工作原理,描述了所设计巴伦的3D结构,并给出了设计仿真的结果。     

J2摄动作用下近地轨道卫星编队构形长期演化机理分析

研究近地轨道卫星编队构形在引力摄动作用下的长期演化机理。把用转移矩阵法得出的相对运动分析解表达成一般轨道根数形式，为研究摄动影响而进一步表达成无奇点轨道根数形式；根据各轨道根数的J2摄动解分别研究编队构形在轨道坐标系三个方向上的振幅与相位的长期变化情况，揭示了构形引力摄动的长期演化机理；给出编队构形的摄动表达式，并以仿真实例验证其可信性；最后给出构形长期引力摄动的相关结论，并对编队构形设计提出建议，这将为研究编队构形的规划技术带来方便。     

CCD遥感相机信号处理电路降噪方法

针对中国遥感高分辨率传输型相机的发展趋势,提出了一些降低信号处理电路噪声的方法;从信号完整性理论出发,利用电子设计自动化（EDA）工具Cadence软件进行了仿真与验证,并经实际电路测试验证取得了良好的效果。     

Validation of the new trapped environment AE9/AP9/SPM at low Earth orbit

The completion of the international space station (ISS) in 2011 has provided the space research community an ideal proving ground for future long duration human activities in space. Ionizing radiation measurements in ISS form the ideal tool for the validation of radiation environmental models, nuclear transport codes and nuclear reaction cross sections. Indeed, prior measurements on the space transportation system (STS; shuttle) provided vital information impacting both the environmental models and the nuclear transport code developments by indicating the need for an improved dynamic model of the low Earth orbit (LEO) trapped environment. Additional studies using thermo-luminescent detector (TLD), tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) area monitors, and computer aided design (CAD) model of earlier ISS configurations, confirmed STS observations that, as input, computational dosimetry requires an environmental model with dynamic and directional (anisotropic) behavior, as well as an accurate six degree of freedom (DOF) definition of the vehicle attitude and orientation along the orbit of ISS.