低功率霍尔推力器束流发散和推力矢量偏心特性研究

为了准确掌握不同工况下混合励磁模式低功率霍尔推力器束流发散和推力矢量偏心特性，凭借自主设计和改进的一套快速评估霍尔推力器束流发散角和推力矢量偏角原位集成诊断装置，系统研究了推力器在不同阳极质量流率、磁场、电场下束流分布和推力矢量偏心特性的变化规律。结果表明，束流发散角随阳极质量流率（0.65mg/s~0.95mg/s）和磁场强度（112Gs~142Gs）的变化呈现负相关的特性。当阳极质量流率0.95mg/s，束流发散角降到29.1°（＜30°）。推力矢量偏角随阳极质量流率和磁场强度的变化分别存在极大值（1.19°）和极小值（0.91°）。束流发散角、推力矢量偏角在250V~330V放电电压范围内基本保持不变。     

PBT固体推进剂低温力学性能研究

为考察PBT固体推进剂低温力学性能，采用单轴拉伸实验方法研究了固化参数、交联参数、固化时间三种因素对PBT固体推进剂-40℃下力学性能的影响。玻璃化温度测试结果表明，全部样品玻璃化温度处于-51.3～-53.6℃，推进剂在-40℃下处于高弹态；单轴拉伸测试结果表明：PBT固体推进剂在低温状态下硬度、抗拉强度与固化参数、交联参数、固化时间呈正相关，伸长率与固化参数、交联参数、固化时间呈负相关。低温力学性能受固化参数、交联参数影响显著性低于常温力学性能；低温下固化参数在1.00～1.05内与伸长率呈现一定线性关系。     

The day-to-day variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere in low latitudes: A study using MF radar

This study presents the analysis of planetary waves (PWs) using daily mean wind velocities for four years (August 2013 to July 2017) of continuous measurements using MF radar over the low latitude Indian region Kolhapur (16.8° N; 74.2° E). The MF radar at Kolhapur was upgraded in 2013. These are the first results of PWs after the upgradation of MF radar. The seasonal and intra-seasonal variabilities of East-West (EW) traveling PWs in the MLT region have been studied. In the present work, the data was analyzed to study the waves with various periodicities (e.g. 3–4, 5–8, 15–17, and 30–60 days). The 3.5 day [Ultra-Fast Kelvin (UFK)] wave shows semiannual variability with burst like wave activity observed during the summer months and December solstice. In addition, it is observed to be stronger in the spring equinoctial period. A strong semiannual oscillation (SAO) has been observed in a 6.5-day wave with peaks near the equinoxes. Similar to SAO over the low latitude MLT region, the wave activity is stronger in April/May than in September/October. The 6.5-day waves are observed to be stronger when the background mean wind is westward. From the analysis, it has been seen that the period before and after the equinoctial period is favorable for the 6.5-day wave propagation. The 16-day wave has no significant seasonal dependence; instead, the waves spread to almost all seasons. The Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJOs) have been observed to be propagating with an average wind speed of ～ 5 m/s when the background mean wind is eastward. The occurrence of MJO is observed during the summer and winter months. These results are the first of their kind in two aspects: first, they show the PWs with enhanced altitude coverage covering up to 110 km, and second, they show the PWs not contaminated due to equatorial electro jet influence.     

Advanced analytical model for orbital aerodynamic prediction in LEO

The growing interest in low earth orbit (LEO) applications demands for accurate modeling of orbital aerodynamics. But classical analytical models of aerodynamic coefficients in free molecule flow, such as the Sentman’s model, Schamberg’s model and Schaaf-Chambre model, were built upon over simplistic gas-surface interaction models, which degrade the fidelity of aerodynamic prediction. This work presents a new analytical model of orbital aerodynamic coefficients based on the state-of-the-art Cercignani–Lampis–Lord (CLL) gas-surface interaction model, where lobular quasi-specular scattering pattern and separate accommodation degree for different velocity components can be well captured. A key component of the new model is a rigorous function approximation solution of the reflected normal momentum flux based on the CLL model which is derived for the first time and is validated within 1% for any hypothermal flow and surface accommodation conditions. Closed-form analytical solutions of aerodynamic coefficients for simple convex geometries are obtained and exhibit high accuracy (within 0.1%) in typical LEO scenarios. The new analytical model surpasses the classical models in some important aspects, such as overcoming the diffuse scattering hypothesis constraint, considering the variation of normal momentum exchange with the surface incidence angle and being applicable in any hypothermal flow situation. In virtue of the advanced CLL model and feasibility of coupling with the panel method technique, the new analytical model is promising to provide more accurate predictions on the orbital aerodynamic coefficients for LEO applications.     

An atmosphere-breathing propulsion system using inductively coupled plasma source

CubeSats have attracted more research interest recently due to their lower cost and shorter production time. A promising technology for CubeSat application is atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion, which can capture the atmospheric particles as propulsion propellant to maintain long-term mission at very low Earth orbit. This paper designs an atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system for a 3 U CubeSat, which consists of an intake device and an electric thruster based on the inductively coupled plasma. The capture performance of intake device is optimized considering both particles capture efficiency and compression ratio. The plasma source is also analyzed by experiment and simulation. Then, the thrust performance is also estimated when taking into account the intake performance. The results show that it is feasible to use atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion technology for CubeSats to compensate for aerodynamic drag at lower Earth orbit.     

低铝低燃速HTPB推进剂工艺性能研究

为研究固体填料粒度级配及工艺助剂对低铝低燃速HTPB推进剂工艺性能的影响，依据固体颗粒堆积最密集排列理论，建立了固体颗粒级配模型，结合固体填料实际粒径，计算得到两种理想刚性球的堆积结果，并在此基础上考察了不同级配配方药浆流动性及触变性。同时，通过筛选工艺助剂种类及优化最适助剂用量，对比了加入不同工艺助剂配方药浆的触变性。结果表明：当采用双二级配模型，计算出的固体颗粒级配比例最优；通过进一步优化固体颗粒级配，结合药浆触变环大小快速判定了推进剂固体级配的合理性，提高了低铝低燃速HTPB推进剂配方工艺性能的可设计性；当工艺助剂选用SU-2，且用量为0.03%时，推进剂工艺性能明显改善，适用期可达596min。     

Orbital error propagation considering atmospheric density uncertainty

Due to the influence of various errors, the orbital uncertainty propagation of artificial celestial objects while orbit prediction is required, especially in some applications such as conjunction analysis. In the orbital error propagation of artificial celestial objects in low Earth orbits (LEOs), atmospheric density uncertainty is one of the important factors that require special attention. In this paper, on the basis of considering the uncertainties of position and velocity, the atmospheric density uncertainty is also taken into account to further investigate the orbital error propagation of artificial celestial objects in LEOs. Artificial intelligence algorithms are introduced, the MC Dropout neural network and the heteroscedastic loss function are used to realize the correction of the empirical atmospheric density model, as well as to provide the quantification of model uncertainty and input uncertainty for the corrected atmospheric densities. It is shown that the neural network we built achieves good results in atmospheric density correction, and the uncertainty quantization obtained from the neural network is also reasonable. Moreover, using the Gaussian mixture model - unscented transform (GMM-UT) method, the atmospheric density uncertainty is taken into account in the orbital uncertainty propagation, by adding a sampled random term to the corrected atmospheric density when calculating atmospheric density. The feasibility of the GMM-UT method considering atmospheric density uncertainty is proved by the further comparison of abundant sampling points and GMM-UT results (with and without considering atmospheric density uncertainty).     

未知纬度条件下基于空间圆拟合的SINS初始对准方法

传统的捷联惯导系统(SINS)晃动基座初始对准算法,如积分双矢量方法和多矢量Wahba方法等均需要精确的纬度信息,粗对准偏航角误差较大.针对此特点,提出了一种未知纬度条件下基于空间圆拟合的SINS初始对准方法.根据重力矢量在惯性系中绕地轴旋转包含北向信息的特征,以初始时刻凝固载体坐标系作为惯性系,首先对重力矢量在凝固载体系内进行投影并滤波,对其矢量端点进行空间圆拟合,然后通过三角几何关系得到导航坐标系,从而完成对准过程.通过仿真验证,证实了该对准方法不需要已知对准点的精确位置信息,相比于积分双矢量方法与多矢量Wahba方法,偏航角对准精度分别提高了12.37'与5.10'.