卫星星座整网轨道确定分析与仿真

编队飞行的卫星或卫星星座对轨道确定自主性和精度提出了较高要求。针对这个问题,通过建立星座的轨道动力学模型和星间观测的测量模型,将星座中的星间观测数据和地面观测数据融合起来,将待估的卫星轨道参数和部分动力学参数进行适当的分类,研究卫星星座整网轨道确定的新方法,并在理论上分析了整网定轨方法能提高定轨精度的原因;最后采用自主开发的卫星星座整网轨道确定软件进行了仿真计算。计算表明,该方法能有效地减少对地面站的依赖,并较大幅度提高定轨时卫星绝对位置和相对位置精度。
     

多冲量近圆轨道交会的部分变量瞄准法

交会对接是空间站任务中一项非常重要的技术。基于C—W方程,推导了用直角坐标和轨道根数描述的远程导引段多冲量变轨段策略的方程,同时给出了求解方程组的迭代算法。随着冲量的施加,剩下的变轨量不足以瞄准交会时刻目标的全部状态时,给出了瞄准部分变量的方法。通过算例验证发现,存在定轨误差的情况下,部分变量瞄准法能精确地瞄准任务所关心的变量。     

基于转移时间约束的异面圆锥曲线变轨算法

在圆锥曲线转移轨道Lagrange方程的基础上,分析了双曲线和多圈飞行椭圆轨道的转移时间与半长轴的几何关系,以及椭圆转移问题的虚焦点位置对长程、短程轨道的约束.给出了一种与初始速度方向相关的转移角定义,以及一种基于Lagrange方程的圆锥曲线变轨计算方法,随后提出了一种以半长轴为迭代变量的变轨算法.通过异面椭圆和双曲线转移两个实例,验证了该算法与Vaughan算法具有相同结果,并具有明确的几何意义.     

基于改进蚁群算法的飞机低空突防航路规划

蚁群算法是一种新型的基于群体的仿生算法。采用蚁群算法实现了飞机低空突防的航路规划,为航路规划问题提供了新的解决思路。并对原始蚁群算法进行了改进,提出了保留最优解、自适应选择策略和自适应信息素调整准则,有效地提高了算法的收敛速度和解的性能。最后用计算机进行了仿真,取得了较好的结果。     

地球同步轨道高压太阳电池阵充放电效应研究

地球同步轨道(GEO)高压太阳电池阵表面静电放电(ESD)引起二次放电可能导致太阳电池阵永久性短路损坏。文章主要针对GEO高压太阳电池阵充放电效应问题,重点分析了高压太阳电池阵表面ESD和二次放电产生的物理过程,并利用负高压偏置方法开展了GEO高压太阳电池阵表面ESD和二次放电地面模拟试验。试验验证了反转电位梯度电场是导致GEO高压太阳电池阵表面产生ESD的触发因素之一,同时得到了GaAs高压太阳电池阵样品表面产生ESD和二次放电的电压阈值。     

一种基于FFT的Galileo搜救信号频域检测方法

Galileo搜救系统是全球卫星搜救组织(COSPAS-SARSAT)的一部分,搭载于Galileo导航星座,能对遇险用户发出的求救信号进行定位并实施救援。经卫星转发的搜救信号信噪比很低,能否在低信噪比条件下完成卫星信号的检测对搜救系统的正常工作至关重要。为了解决这一问题,文章提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)运算的频域检测方法,通过理论分析和仿真验证可以看出,这种方法能有效地实现低信噪比条件下的卫星下行信号检测。     

载人飞船泄复压过程中轨道舱的噪声环境试验研究

为了考察航天员对载人飞船泄复压过程中轨道舱内噪声环境的适应性,在KM6水平舱进行了相应的模拟试验,对轨道舱中的噪声环境进行了试验测量与研究.试验结果及航天员的实际感受表明,泄复压过程中轨道舱内的噪声环境满足要求,产生的噪声对航天员不会造成伤害.     

Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.     

Semi-analytical investigations of high area-to-mass ratio geosynchronous space debris including Earth’s shadowing effects

This paper investigates the long-term perturbations of the orbits of geosynchronous space debris influenced by direct radiation pressure including the Earth’s shadowing effects. For this purpose, we propose an extension of our homemade semi-analytical theory [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Deleflie, F. Semi-analytical theory of mean orbital motion for geosynchronous space debris under gravitational influence. Adv. Space Res., submitted for publication], based on the method developed by Aksnes [Aksnes, K. Short-period and long-period perturbations of a spherical satellite due to direct solar radiation. Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 13, 89–104, 1976] and generalized into a more convenient non-singular formalism. The perturbations accounting for the direct radiation pressure with the Earth’s shadow are computed on a revolution-by-revolution basis, retaining the original osculating Hamiltonian disturbing function. In this framework, we compute the non-singular mean longitude at shadow entry and shadow exit at every orbital revolution in opposition to classical approaches where the singular eccentric anomalies at shadow entry and shadow exit are computed. This new algorithm is developed using non-singular variables. Consequently, it is particularly suitable for both near-circular and near-equatorial orbits as well as orbits which transit periodically around null eccentricities and null inclinations.The algorithm is tested by means of numerical integrations of the equations, averaged over the short periods, including radiation pressure, J₂, the combined Moon and Sun third body attraction as well as the long-term effects of the 1:1 resonance occurring for geosynchronous objects. As an extension of [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Anselmo, L. Analytical and semi-analytical investigations of geosynchronous space debris with high area-to-mass ratios influenced by solar radiation pressure. Adv. Space Res., doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.025, 2007b], we especially apply our analysis to space debris with area-to-mass as high as 20 m²/kg. This paper provides numerical and semi-analytical investigations leading to a deep understanding of the long-term evolution of the semi-major axis. Finally, these semi-analytical investigations are compared with accurate numerical integrations of the osculating equations of motion over time scales as high as 25 years.     

火星探测器使命轨道捕获策略研究

分析了火星探测器使命轨道捕获策略研究需求,给出了三种可用的典型捕获策略,建立了速度纵向平面内的飞行动力学方程,对三种典型策略进行了飞行动力学仿真,给出了各策略完成捕获所需速度增量、任务耗时及过。通过对仿真结果的分析比较,得出研究结论为：直接制动捕获任务耗时及过载较小,但速度增量需求较大;多次穿越后捕获任务耗时较长,但速度增量需求和过载较小;一次穿越后捕获速度增量需求较小且任务耗时较短,但过载较大。