三轴稳定微小卫星主动磁阻尼姿态控制

针对三轴稳定微小卫星,用四元数法建立了速率阻尼阶段的动力学和运动学模型.根据地磁场强度矢量投影到轨道坐标系的简便旋转关系,设计了采用主动磁控的拟比例微分控制器,同时分析了磁力矩器的磁偶极矩.速率阻尼仿真结果表明:该控制法有效可行,具有一定的应用价值.     

基于模糊分数阶PI~λD~μ的柔性结构振动主动控制

为防止翅翼结构因干扰而产生振颤,以柔性悬臂梁结构为被控对象,提出一种参数自整定的分数阶比例积分微分控制器,在利用遗传算法取得优化参数后,通过模糊规则第2次对控制器参数进行在线整定,以达到实时最优控制的目的.在Simulink软件环境下进行了数值仿真,结果表明:设计的分数阶比例积分微分控制器具有记忆性,动态表征能力强.与常规比例积分微分控制器相比,冲击激励下的系统响应稳态时间缩短0.9s;简谐激励下的系统响应衰减幅度从88%提升到96%;随机激励下系统响应抖动减小,提高了稳定性.     

考虑地面效应的翼型动态特性数值模拟

为了研究考虑地面干扰的飞行器非定常气动特性,基于滑移网格技术,通过求解二维非定常Euler方程,对不同近地高度下的NACA0012翼型的动态振动特性进行了数值模拟。分析了存在地面干扰时的升力系数以及俯仰力矩系数迟滞环变化,并结合强迫振动法,计算了翼型各个近地高度下的纵向组合动导数。结果表明,地面效应不仅对定常流场产生影响,更显著地影响了非定常气动力及力矩,近地高度越小,这种效应越明显,使得升力系数的迟滞环面积变小,幅值减小,而俯仰力矩系数的迟滞环变化不规律,力矩系数的动导数随着近地高度减小而增大(绝对值减小),纵向的动态稳定性产生损失。地面效应干扰在飞行器非定常气动研究中应该引起重视。     

A new online modelling method for aircraft engine state space model

To overcome the drawbacks of current modelling method for aircraft engine state space model, a new method is introduced. The form of state space model is derived by using Talyor series to expand the nonlinear model that is implicit equations and involves many iterations. A partial derivative calculation method for iterations is developed to handle the influence of iterations on parameters. The derivative calculation and the aerothermodynamics calculations are combined in the component level model with fixed number Newton-Raphson (N-R) iterations. Mathematical derivation and simulations show the convergence ability of proposed method. Simulations show that comparing with the linear parameter varying model and centered difference based state space model, much higher accuracy of proposed online modelling method is achieved. The accuracy of the state space model built by proposed method can be maintained when the step amplitudes of inputs are within 2%, and the responses of the state space model can match those of the component level model when each input steps larger amplitudes. In addition, an online verification was carried out to show the capability of modelling at any operating point and that state space model can predict future outputs accurately. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.     

Uncertainty propagation for statistical impact prediction of space debris

Predictions of the impact time and location of space debris in a decaying trajectory are highly influenced by uncertainties. The traditional Monte Carlo (MC) method can be used to perform accurate statistical impact predictions, but requires a large computational effort. A method is investigated that directly propagates a Probability Density Function (PDF) in time, which has the potential to obtain more accurate results with less computational effort. The decaying trajectory of Delta-K rocket stages was used to test the methods using a six degrees-of-freedom state model. The PDF of the state of the body was propagated in time to obtain impact-time distributions. This Direct PDF Propagation (DPP) method results in a multi-dimensional scattered dataset of the PDF of the state, which is highly challenging to process. No accurate results could be obtained, because of the structure of the DPP data and the high dimensionality. Therefore, the DPP method is less suitable for practical uncontrolled entry problems and the traditional MC method remains superior. Additionally, the MC method was used with two improved uncertainty models to obtain impact-time distributions, which were validated using observations of true impacts. For one of the two uncertainty models, statistically more valid impact-time distributions were obtained than in previous research.     

基于递推傅里叶变换的飞行器参数在线辨识方法

在线辨识在现代飞行控制系统设计中扮演越来越重要的角色,飞行器模型的在线更新使得人们可以采用更智能的控制方法。基于计算精度和速度的考虑,在线辨识方法通常以递推方式进行,主要分为时域和频域两大类方法。在建立飞行器系统模型结构的基础上,利用频域递推傅里叶变换及最小二乘方法,实现对气动及控制偏导数的在线辨识。针对某飞机纵向通道的在线辨识仿真验证该方法有效,且计算速度和收敛速度快,辨识结果与参数真实值之间的一致性好,方法对传感器噪声有较强的适应性。最后,分析比较了各种典型激励信号对辨识结果的影响,为进行实际在线辨识试验提供了参考依据。     

弯折翼尖对飞翼布局飞机气动特性影响

为提升无尾飞翼布局飞机航向控制能力,以典型飞翼布局飞机模型为研究对象设计了翼尖可绕弦线方向偏转结构。基于FL-14风洞单自由度动态试验系统开展了静态和动导数试验,研究了飞翼布局飞机基本气动特性及翼尖偏转对全机气动特性的影响。结果表明：无尾飞翼布局飞机航向呈静不稳定,航向动稳定性极弱,航向增稳设计及控制很有必要;翼尖偏转有助于增强飞机的航向静、动稳定性,并很好地解决了传统阻力类舵面航向增稳时导致全机升阻比下降气动效率降低的问题;翼尖偏转能够有效改善飞翼布局飞机恶化的荷兰滚模态使之趋近于常规布局飞机模态,这有利于简化飞机横航向控制律设计方法。弯折翼尖结构具有舵面少、效率高的特点,是航向增稳的有效手段,具有应用价值。     

基于CDFRFT的离散LFM信号参数估计方法

文章根据LFM信号在置中分数傅里叶变换域产生尖峰的原理,提出了一种基于置中分数傅里叶变换的离散LFM信号参数估计算法,并对单LFM信号和双LFM信号进行了参数估计,实验结果表明算法具有较好的精确性。     

高超声速边界层转捩对旋转钝锥自由飞运动的影响

通过在钝锥模型表面上布置人工绊线促使边界层强迫转捩,采用运动自由度不受约束的风洞模型自由飞试验技术研究边界层转捩对高超声速旋转钝锥自由飞行运动特性和气动特性的影响规律,并与自然转捩的旋转钝锥风洞模型自由飞试验结果作对比分析,试验马赫数为5.0,以模型长为特征尺寸的自由流雷诺数为1.68×106。研究结果表明:有人工绊线的旋转钝锥在自由飞行过程中有"激励稳定"的绕流流场,产生动态稳定的自由飞运动(动稳定导数系数小于0),而无转捩绊线的旋转钝锥在自由飞行中则有"激励不稳定"的绕流流场,产生动态不稳定的自由飞运动(动稳定导数系数大于0)。     

基于在线加载分区机制的重构方案的设计与实现

随着综合模块化航空电子系统（IMA）结构技术的发展,对航电系统的安全性和可靠性的要求也进一步提高。本文提出的IMA重构方案基于VxWorks653系统中的在线加载分区(Online-Loaded)机制,可以做到对应用程序的动态加载,使得IMA系统在发生故障时能按预设的配置进行功能迁移,从而实现IMA系统的重构。在该重构方案的基础上还同时设计了分步加载技术。测试验证表明,分步加载技术明显减少了重构的耗时,提高了重构的效率。