Adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering for satellite attitude estimation

This paper is concerned with the adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering problem for the case that the dynamics model error and the measurement model error exist simultaneously in the satellite attitude estimation system. By using Hubel-based robust filtering methodology to correct the measurement covariance formulation of cubature Kalman filter, the proposed filtering algorithm could effectively suppress the measurement model error. To further enhance this effect and reduce the impact of the dynamics model error, two different adaptively robust filtering algorithms, one with the optimal adaptive factor based on the estimated covariance matrix of the predicted residuals and the other with multiple fading factors based on strong tracking algorithm, are developed and applied for the satellite attitude estimation. The quaternion is employed to represent the global attitude parameter, and three-dimensional generalized Rodrigues parameters are introduced to define the local attitude error. A multiplicative quaternion error is derived from the local attitude error to maintain quaternion normalization constraint in the filter. Simulation results indicate that the proposed novel algorithm could exhibit higher accuracy and faster convergence compared with the multiplicative extended Kalman filter, the unscented quaternion estimator, and the adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter.     

Predicting Earth orientation changes from global forecasts of atmosphere-hydrosphere dynamics

Effective Angular Momentum (EAM) functions obtained from global numerical simulations of atmosphere, ocean, and land surface dynamics are routinely processed by the Earth System Modelling group at Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum. EAM functions are available since January 1976 with up to 3?h temporal resolution. Additionally, 6?days-long EAM forecasts are routinely published every day. Based on hindcast experiments with 305 individual predictions distributed over 15?months, we demonstrate that EAM forecasts improve the prediction accuracy of the Earth Orientation Parameters at all forecast horizons between 1 and 6?days. At day 6, prediction accuracy improves down to 1.76 mas for the terrestrial pole offset, and 2.6 mas for $\mathrm{\Delta }$UT1, which correspond to an accuracy increase of about 41% over predictions published in Bulletin A by the International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service.     

多机理下的卫星寿命预测方法与应用

针对卫星寿命预测的需求和以往方法未考虑突发故障及退化失效的不足,提出了综合多种机理进行寿命预测的方法。归纳了星上产品的寿命特征和卫星到寿原因,指出了卫星随机失效的分布特征;针对随机失效,建立随单星工作时间和系统结构变化的剩余寿命预测模型,给出了利用动态的在轨工作状态数据求解多阶段分布参数的算法,从而实现剩余寿命的动态分析;综合随机失效、退化、消耗及其在轨变化规律,提出了适用于多机理的、竞争性的寿命预测方法。案例分析表明,综合考虑突发故障、退化失效和消耗,可以得到更合理的寿命预测结果,在星座维持策略中提高备份星计划的可信性。     

电负性气体等离子体推力器研究进展

目前广泛应用的电推力器中,大多采用加速单一正离子的方式来获得推力和相应比冲。该加速方式需要增设中和器,对喷射出的正离子进行中和以保持羽流电中性,否则将导致航天器自充电,对其通信和电子器件造成损害,并减弱加速场。为了简化系统结构,延长推力器寿命,提出了一种能够交替加速正、负离子来获得推力的电负性气体等离子体推力器。分析了该推力器的工作原理和加速过程,指明了包括电负性气体种类选取、电子过滤装置设计要求、如何施加周期性栅极偏置电压加速正、负离子以及合理诊断离子数密度等关键技术,为后续研究工作提供了参考。     

多模型GGIW-GLMB算法跟踪机动群目标

针对多个机动群目标跟踪问题,提出了一种多模型伽马高斯逆威夏特-广义标签多贝努利（MM-GGIW-GLMB）算法。采用多模型算法对群目标进行运动建模,利用最适高斯（BFG）近似在预测阶段对多模型进行融合,减小了多模型算法的运算量,为进一步提高算法在目标机动阶段的跟踪性能,引入强跟踪滤波器（STF）对BFG算法得到的预测状态协方差进行修正。利用最优次模式分配（OSPA）距离及其一倍标准差和航迹标签正确率衡量算法对机动群目标的跟踪性能。仿真结果表明,本文算法能够提升对机动群目标的跟踪精度和稳定性。      

基于本征正交分解的平流层风场建模与预测

平流层风场环境对临近空间低动态飞行器设计和轨迹控制具有重要影响。针对平流层风场建模,提出一种基于本征正交分解(POD)的风场数据降阶方法,在此基础上,提出一种可以对平流层风场进行预测的Fourier模型。以长沙地区2005—2009年风场为例,采用提出的POD方法与Fourier预测模型对风场进行建模与预测,并对Fourier预测精度进行分析。研究结果表明,采用POD方法可以对东西方向风场进行高效率高精度降阶建模;通过Fourier预测模型可以对东西方向风场进行准确预测,预测精度与实际风场随时间变化的规律性有关,风场数据越紧凑,周期性越明显,预测精度越高。      

面向编队飞行的天文多普勒差分/脉冲星组合导航

太阳光较强,太阳多普勒差分导航测量精度高,但难以提供多方位速度信息。恒星星光弱,恒星多普勒差分导航测量精度低,但可提供多方位速度信息。为了提高航天器的天文自主导航能力,提出一种面向编队飞行的天文多普勒差分/脉冲星组合导航方法。利用3颗及以上的脉冲星导航是完全可观测的,但滤波周期较长,难以获得连续的导航信息。3种导航方法具有互补性,可以进行组合导航。利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器作为导航滤波器来融合天文多普勒差分和脉冲到达时间,并为编队飞行提供绝对和相对导航信息。仿真结果表明,该组合导航方法能为编队飞行提供高精度的绝对和相对导航信息。     

具有多次谐波抑制的发夹型微波带通滤波器

文章提出了一种新型的具有多次谐波抑制功能的发夹型微波带通滤波器,主要工作在2GHz频率。对该滤波器通过仿真优化,并进行实际设计测量。在该结构滤波器中,采用SIR（Stepped—impedancere sonator阶跃阻抗）结构的发夹谐振器来达到缩小尺寸、多次谐波的目的。该滤波器相比于传统的微带线发夹型滤波器具有尺寸小、频率选择性好、宽阻带的性能特点。