The topside sounder database – Data screening and systematic biases

The ionospheric topside sounder measurement database developed at the US National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is a valuable source of information when investigating the composition and complex dynamics of the upper ionosphere. The database is increasingly used by many scientists around the world for both research and development of empirical models. However, there is always a danger of indiscriminately using the data without properly assessing the data quality and applicability for a given purpose. This paper is concerned with the issue of data screening and pre-processing of the Alouette/ISIS topside sounder database. An overview of the original database availability and formatting is given and the use of solar and geomagnetic indices is discussed. Data screening procedures, concerning detection and handling of erroneous profiles, are also presented. Special attention is drawn to the systematic biases observed in the database and the possibilities for their removal.     

中国航天固体火箭技术的发展

叙述了20世纪50年代以来中国航天固体火箭推进技术的发展历程，介绍了9种最具代表性的固体火箭发动机的技术特征、研制过程、地面试验和飞行情况，这些发动机分别应用于中国的探空火箭、运载火箭上面级和应用卫星变轨系统。文中还简要地评述了中国固体推进各单项技术的发展水平。     

Development of TY-3 Microgravity Rocket System

TY-3微重力火箭总长 6 0 0 0 mm,起飞质量 1 1 0 0 kg,有效载荷 5 0 kg,最大飞行高度 2 2 0 km,能提供 1 0 - 4 g约 36 0 s时间的微重力试验条件 ,该火箭已于 2 0 0 0年 1 0月飞行试验成功 ,而且一种更先进的微重力火箭系统正在设计中。     

Study of the ionosphere during a magnetospheric storm using data on the ground and in space

For the magnetospheric storm of May 14–16, 1997 geophysical data of satellites DMSP and IMP-8 are compared with data of radio propagation on the high-latitude HF radio path of Heiss Island – St. Petersburg and data from European ionosondes. Peculiarities of variations of the operational frequencies range MOF–LOF (maximum and lowest observed frequencies) on the path were considered. The range has been determined by the method of oblique ionospheric sounding (OIS). The latter is more informative for observations during a magnetic storm compared to the vertical sounding method. Nevertheless, an analysis of variations of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer from the chain of European ionosondes was carried out. For interpretation of results, data of magnetospheric parameters, AE-indexes and riometer data were used. The variations of both frequency range on the path and critical frequencies of the F2 layer through the ionosondes chain during the disturbed period had certain regularities of behaviour. These regularities are being explained from the physical point of view. The analysis of the satellite DMSP data has showed that a magnetospheric disturbance causes displacement equatorward of precipitation and some growth of its width and energy.     

Instrument concept and preliminary performance analysis of GLORIA

The Global Radiance Limb Imager Experiment for the Atmosphere (GLORIA) shall provide a detailed global picture of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region (UTLS) and make available novel information on small-scale atmospheric dynamics.

The instrument will be a space borne imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer operating in the thermal infrared spectral region. It will produce spectrally resolved images of the earth’s limb with a vertical extension of 60 km and a horizontal extension of 400 km. The paper focuses on the preliminary instrument concept and on results of studies concerning sensitivity and spectrometric performance. GLORIA has been proposed as a national German space mission. An aircraft version is currently under development.     

固液动力探空火箭箭载数据采集系统设计

针对固液动力探空火箭在进行测试、飞行试验时,需要实时测量并记录推力、燃料供给速率以及吹除系统工况信息的问题,设计并工程实现了对箭载重要设备输出信号进行监控和采集记录的数据采集系统.以STM32F103RB微控制器为核心,完成了数据采集、存储、传输等电路的设计,并在Real View MDK集成开发环境下,运用C语言完成了控制、测试程序的编写.最后,通过Real View ULINKR仿真器实现了软硬件的联合测试,验证了系统的供电控制、采样频率、工况记录等功能都满足设计要求,完成了对箭载重要设备监控和采集记录的任务.只需修改微控制器内的操控程序,就可将此数据采集系统应用于不同型号的固液动力探空火箭.      

Linkage of the ionospheric peak electron density and height deduced from the topside sounding data

Topside sounding electron density profiles are analyzed to explore interrelations of the F2 layer critical frequency and the peak height for a representative set of conditions provided by ISIS1, ISIS2, IK19 and Cosmos-1809 satellites for the period of 1969–1987. The foF2 and hmF2 are delivered with exponential extrapolation of electron density profile to zero of its 1st derivative. It is shown that the linear regression exists between foF2 and hmF2 under different conditions. The linkage between the two parameters amended to the empirical model of the peak height [Gulyaeva, T.L., Bradley, P.A., Stanislawska, I., Juchnikowski, G. Towards a new reference model of hmF2 for IRI. Adv. Space Res. 42, 666–672, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.02.021, 2008] results in an empirical model of the both foF2 and hmF2 expressed by superposition of functions in terms of local-time, season, geodetic longitude, modified dip latitude and solar activity. For the solar activity we use a proxy Fsp index averaged from the mean solar radio flux F10.7s for the past 81 days (3 solar rotations) and F10.7 value for 1 day prior the day of observation. Impact of geomagnetic activity is not discernible with the topside sounding data due to mixed positive and negative storm-time effects. Appreciable differences have been revealed between IRI-CCIR predictions and outcome of the new model which might be attributed to the different techniques of the peak electron density and height derivation, different epochs and different global distribution of the source data as well as the different mathematical functions involved in the maps and the model presentation.     

返回式探空火箭裙锥减速器方案设计及分析

针对传统的探空火箭减速板质量大、展开角度不可调节等缺陷,提出一种新型探空火箭裙锥减速器减速方案。它具有质量小、可改变展开角、展开阻力面积大等优点。针对超声速探空火箭减速器再入时的气动特性,对其外围流场进行了仿真分析,得出了减速器不同锥角对气动特性及过载的影响,并给出了减速器外围流场、压力场以及减速器的应力应变分析,结果表明,减速器所受的气动阻力与其锥角有明显关系,具有非线性特点,且减速器的最大应力小于许用应力。该方案可为探空火箭的回收及新型减速器的设计提供一定的参考依据。     

多普勒测风激光雷达风廓线探测精度对比分析

在晴空干洁的大气条件下,多普勒测风激光雷达能够以较高的时间、空间分辨率,获得大气三维风场信息。为验证北京遥测技术研究所研制的WINDLE LIDAR型多普勒测风激光雷达探测的准确性,2020年4月~5月,用该雷达在北京市南郊观象台和L波段探空雷达进行同时同址对比观测。2022年6月~7月,用该雷达与北京遥测技术研究所的WINDLE U7相干测风激光雷达进行同时同址对比观测。通过对数据进行相关性分析,得到比对结果如下：1）垂直探测距离大于5 km,最大探测高度可达8.5 km;2）与L波段探空雷达对比,风速和风向数据拟合总相关系数分别为0.990和0.998。总体风速和风向的系统偏差、标准偏差分别为0.114 m/s和3.078°、0.489 m/s和3.969°,二者具有较好的一致性;3）与WINDLE U7雷达对比,风速和风向数据拟合总相关系数分别为0.999和0.999。总体风速和风向的系统偏差和标准偏差分别为0.209 m/s和1.077°、0.255 m/s和1.220°,可以看出该雷达系统的优越性。     

微重力火箭设计中减旋方案等问题

讨论了一种微重力火箭总体设计中减旋方案，飞行载荷，气动加热与壁温计算等几个关键问题。结合该火箭的具体特点，提出了一种简单实用的被动式减旋措施，即，安装反旋尾翼及辅助减旋机构，并分析了减旋与动稳定性的关系。对超高音速火箭的飞行载荷和气动热进行了分析计算。