轻型运动飞机生产线构建及关键技术研究

掌握轻型运动飞机全制造链生产线的核心技术,对提高我国通用飞机产品制造能力具有重要意义和极高的经济价值,同时可完善民机全谱系制造技术体系.通过对某轻型运动飞机的生产实践,掌握了生产线的关键技术,尤其是整机喷漆和试飞的关键技术,具备高速率批产能力且全机零件实现了国产化.同时,建立了先进的质量控制体系、进度计划体系及供应链管理体系,该生产线的建立为国家航空制造领域提供了大量可借鉴的宝贵经验,极大地推动了通用飞机产业在我国的发展.     

DebrisWatch I: A survey of faint geosynchronous debris

Recent anomalies exhibited by satellites and rocket bodies have highlighted that a population of faint debris exists at geosynchronous (GEO) altitudes, where there are no natural removal mechanisms. Despite previous optical surveys probing to around 10–20 cm in size, regular monitoring of faint sources at GEO is challenging, thus our knowledge remains sparse. It is essential that we continue to explore the faint debris population using large telescopes to better understand the risk posed to active GEO satellites. To this end, we present photometric results from a survey of the GEO region carried out with the 2.54 m Isaac Newton Telescope in La Palma, Canary Islands. We probe to 21st visual magnitude (around 10 cm, assuming Lambertian spheres with an albedo of 0.1), uncovering 129 orbital tracks with GEO-like motion across the eight nights of dark-grey time comprising the survey. The faint end of our brightness distribution continues to rise until the sensitivity limit of the sensor is reached, suggesting that the modal brightness could be even fainter. We uncover a number of faint, uncatalogued objects that show photometric signatures of rapid tumbling, many of which straddle the limiting magnitude of our survey over the course of a single exposure, posing a complex issue when estimating object size. This work presents the first instalment of DebrisWatch, an ongoing collaboration between the University of Warwick and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (UK) investigating the faint population of GEO debris.     

Space debris observations with the Slovak AGO70 telescope: Astrometry and light curves

The Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia (FMPI) operates its own 0.7-m Newtonian telescope (AGO70) dedicated to the space surveillance tracking and research, with an emphasis on space debris. The observation planning focuses on objects on geosynchronous (GEO), eccentric (GTO and Molniya) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) orbits. To verify the system’s capabilities, we conducted an observation campaign in 2017, 2018 and 2019 focused on astrometric and photometric measurements. In last two years we have built up a light curve catalogue of space debris which is now freely available for the scientific community. We report periodic signals extracted from more than 285 light curves of 226 individual objects. We constructed phase diagrams for 153 light curves for which we obtained apparent amplitudes.     

SMILE卫星低能离子分析仪的设计与仿真

针对SMILE卫星的大通量动态范围、大视场范围（FOV）、高分辨率等离子体探测需求，以带顶盖半球形静电分析器为基础设计了低能离子分析仪（LIA）。仪器利用顶盖电压控制方式实现可变几何因子，通过高聚焦特性离子光学系统和视场偏转系统设计实现高分辨和大视场探测。利用SIMION有限元仿真软件对仪器的性能参数和几何因子变化规律进行研究，并优化了离子光学系统设计。通过仿真可以获得仪器的主要技术指标参数：能量范围0.05 keV~20 keV，能量分辨率0.0791，方位角视场360°，俯仰角视场范围可达±45°。     

基于能量守恒的再入轻诱饵鉴别方法

针对稀薄大气中的诱饵干扰,提出了一种基于能量守恒定律的再入轻诱饵鉴别方法.该方法利用目标单位质量机械能的损耗表征质阻比的相对大小,实现对轻诱饵的鉴别,避开了质阻比估计的收敛过程.首先根据不同目标的能量方程,推导出目标单位质量机械能损耗的解析表达式,确定了鉴别量;然后理论推导了鉴别量的方差估计式并设计了鉴别门限;最后通过仿真验证了鉴别方法的有效性.     

Anomalous phosphenes in ocular protontherapy

We have undertaken a clinical ground study of proton-induced light flashes (phosphenes). Patients treated at the Institut Curie – Centre de Protonthérapie in Orsay, France, received radiation therapy to cure ocular and skull-base cancers. Sixty percent of the patients treated for choroidal melanomas using 73 MeV protons report anomalous phosphenes. Delivering a radiation dose on the retina only is not sufficient to trigger the light flash. The present study may be the first indication of phosphenes triggered by protons of few tens of MeV.     

谐振式光纤陀螺用光源模块实验研究

基于多光源结构的谐振式光纤陀螺(R-FOG)是一种小型、高精度惯性传感器。研究了谐振式光纤陀螺的光源模块方案,选用小型可调谐的窄线宽半导体激光器,并对光源中心波长、光功率进行测量,以建立光源的最优工作区域,在此基础上对光源之间的拍频进行静态测试,测试过程中的频率最小值为53Hz、最大值为25.9225MHz。该方案具有分辨率高与动态范围大的潜在优势,在拍频测试中,陀螺测量分辨率和动态范围分别可达9.13×10^(-4)(°)/h、±4.56×10~7(°)/h。     

复杂城市环境下GNSS/INS轻轨轨道中线精密测量方法CSCD

在城市轻轨线路的中线精密测量中,传统的基于GNSS的测量方式往往受高楼、站台、上跨桥及声屏障等复杂环境信号遮挡影响,甚至无法接收到GNSS信号,难以得到满足精度要求的轨道中线坐标;而基于全站仪的测量方式需建立轨道控制网,作业效率低下。为了满足城市轻轨中线精密测量高精度和高效率的需求,采用GNSS/INS轨道中线精密测量方法,基于Kalman滤波将惯导、GNSS数据进行融合,并根据轨道检测仪在轨道上不发生垂向和侧向运动的特点,采用运动约束算法,以提升组合导航系统测量精度。同时设计了基于新息滤波的抗差检测,以剔除定位质量差的GNSS数据。通过将里程计比例因子误差增广到状态向量的方式进行参数估计,以减小里程计测量误差。通过集成惯导、GNSS、里程计等传感器的轨检小车,采集城市轻轨轨道测量数据。经数据处理和对比分析,在GNSS信号较差的复杂场景下能够得到厘米级的轻轨轨道中线坐标,且测量效率大大提升。     

Impact analysis of the transponder time delay on radio-tracking observables

Accurate tracking of probes is one of the key points of space exploration. Range and Doppler techniques are the most commonly used. In this paper we analyze the impact of the transponder delay, $i.e$. the processing time between reception and re-emission of a two-way tracking link at the satellite, on tracking observables and on spacecraft orbits. We show that this term, only partially accounted for in the standard formulation of computed space observables, can actually be relevant for future missions with high nominal tracking accuracies or for the re-processing of old missions. We present several applications of our formulation to Earth flybys, the NASA GRAIL and the ESA BepiColombo missions.     

真空下星敏感器地面校准设备观察窗形变及光路分析

观察窗设计是星敏感器地面校准设备高低温真空罐设计中的一项关键技术。观察窗设计的好坏将直接影响地面校准设备的校准精度。由于观察窗受到内外压差时会发生挤压变形,光线通过变形窗时发生偏移,同时观察窗内外介质密度的不同也会引起光线的偏差,最终星敏感器所接受的光线不是原本的入射光线,导致光线校准出现偏差。针对上述问题本文通过应用ANSYS和MATLAB给出一种有效的计算方法,该方法既可以计算出观察窗的形变量,同时在形变的基础上计算出光线传输的改变量,为后续的地面校准提供补偿参数。