An analysis and enhanced proposal of atmospheric boundary layer wind modelling techniques for automation of air traffic management

The air traffic management automation imposes stringent requirements on the weather models, in such a way that they should be able to provide reliable short-time forecasts in digital formats in almost real time. The atmospheric boundary layer is one of the regions where aircraft operation and coordination are critical and therefore atmospheric model performance is also vital. This paper presents conventional and innovative techniques to improve the accuracy in the forecasting of winds in the lower atmospheric layer, proposing mechanisms to develop better models including deterministic and stochastic simulations. Accuracy is improved by optimizing the grid, assimilating observations in cycling simulations and managing a number of ensemble members. An operation-driven post-processing stage helps to incorporate detailed terrain definitions and real-time observations without re-running the model. The improvements are checked against mesoscale weather simulations at different scales and a dedicated flight campaign. The results show good performance of the model without sensitively increasing the required throughput.     

多普勒导航雷达测高自校信号的分析

本文详细分析了采用周期自动校准技术的多普勒导航雷达测高装置自校时的信号关系。在数学分析的基础上,作者认为,为保证在高度测量时稳定获取自校信号,应调节馈线的长度(微波相位)。实验证明,分析是正确的。     

介质阻挡体放电对甲烷扩散火焰CH*自发辐射影响实验研究

为分析非平衡等离子体对空气/甲烷扩散火焰的助燃效果,实验以发射中心谱线430nm的激发态自由基CH*表征火焰燃烧状态,采用同轴圆柱构型激励器在高频交流模式下激发等离子体,分析了火焰CH*自发辐射图像、火焰高度、CH*径向分布和燃烧释热速率等火焰特性在不同空气流量和当量比下随放电电压的变化规律。结果表明：等离子体激励在空气流量较低时,会显著增强火焰上游甲烷燃烧,从而降低CH*空间分布高度和火焰高度;空气流量增大后,有利于促进甲烷充分燃烧,增大火焰下游CH*辐射强度和分布范围。在火焰上游区域,等离子体气动效应可有效扩展甲烷径向分布,实现剪切层更宽范围燃烧,其活化效应会明显提高剪切层燃烧强度,并随电压增大作用效果逐渐增强。此外,等离子体激励会使燃烧器喷嘴出口附近火焰释热速率显著增大,该现象在空气-甲烷动量比较大时更容易发生。     

无线电高度表近地测高异常分析及改进

对于轮式起降无人机而言,起降阶段相对高度的准确性对无人机的飞行安全至关重要。针对高速无人机无线电高度表近地测高出现高度拾升和饱和现象,从无线电高度表测高机理出发,深入分析高度跳变的原因,针对问题现象,在不改变安装高度的前提下,提出一种低高度变增益的方法,降低高度饱和噪声的优化措施,有效提高了无线电高度表近地测高的稳定性。通过吊高试验及地面滑行试验表明,优化措施能合理有效解决高度表近地高度测量异常的问题。     

定时定点月面着陆全程轨道控制设计

针对定时定点月面着陆的目标要求,提出了全程轨道控制设计方法。进行了包括地月转移、近月制动、环月降轨和动力下降的全程轨道控制的分段设计和联合规划,实现在入轨轨道偏差条件下的定时定点月面着陆。分别构建了中途修正、近月制动、环月降轨三段轨道控制的规划变量和目标参数;根据轨道倾角建立了动力下降点与着陆点的匹配转换关系。设计了中途修正、近月制动、环月降轨、动力下降的全程轨道控制策略的联合规划。建立了着陆位置偏差与轨道倾角偏差、着陆时间偏差与轨道半长轴偏差的修正关系,修正设计了中途修正目标倾角和近月制动目标半长轴。仿真算例表明,在入轨偏差轨道条件下,保证了中途修正后的飞行轨道与标称轨道基本一致,实现了与标称状态基本一致的定时定点月面着陆。可应用于月球着陆、月球采样返回以及载人登月等实施月面定时定点着陆任务的轨道设计和控制实施。     

一种指数平方下滑规律

针对现有下滑规律的不足,考虑水平发射和非水平发射两种情况,根据高斯曲线分别设计了一种指数平方下滑规律。仿真结果表明了所设计下滑规律的正确性和有效性。     

涡轮叶栅叶尖间隙流实验研究(英文)

This article describes the effects of some factors on the tip clearance flow in axial linear turbine cascades. The measurements of the total pressure loss coefficient are made at the cascade outlets by using a five-hole probe at exit Mach numbers of 0.10, 0.14 and 0.19. At each exit Mach number, experiments are performed at the tip clearance heights of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% of the blade height. The effects of the non-uniform tip clearance height of each blade in the pitchwise direction are also studied. The results show that at a given tip clearance height, generally, total pressure loss rises with exit Mach numbers proportionally. At a fixed exit Mach number, the total pressure loss augments nearly proportionally as the tip clearance height increases. The increased tip clearance heights in the tip regions of two adjacent blades are to be blame for the larger clearance loss of the center blade. Compared to the effects of the tip clearance height, the effects of the exit Mach number and the pitchwise variation of the tip clearance height on the cascade total pressure loss are so less significant to be omitted.     

涡轮叶尖镶嵌肋条对泄漏流场的影响

结合基于压力修正的采用雷诺应力湍流模型加壁面函数的三维计算流体力学程序,通过沿着叶尖表面加肋条以期减小叶尖间隙泄漏损失,对某一轴流涡轮转子叶尖表面镶嵌肋条对泄漏流场细节的影响进行了数值研究,并详细分析了不同肋条高度和肋条宽度对泄漏流场的影响.结果表明:肋条使得气流通过压力面肋条时出现分离形成回流区,阻碍泄漏流动,减小泄漏损失;肋条高度h对涡轮效率有较大影响,且有个最佳肋条高度值,在最佳肋条高度下涡轮效率提高0.13%;肋条宽度w对流场影响不大,但小肋条宽度形成较大的空腔,可以稍提高涡轮效率.      

飞行高度对固体火箭两相喷焰流动与辐射的影响

针对某模型固体火箭发动机,基于欧拉离散相模型描述气-固两相相互作用,采用详细化学反应机理计算喷焰复燃效应,基于逐线积分法加米散射理论求解气体及粒子辐射物性参数,通过视在光线法计算辐射传输,并利用测量数据验证了模型的适用性,仿真分析了不同飞行高度对气固两相喷焰流动及辐射特性的影响.研究结果表明:随着飞行高度增加,喷焰中燃...