激光燃速仪排烟改进措施的研究

本文分析了激光燃速仪中影响排烟的各种因素,给出了同步跟踪条件,并根据流场分析计算的结果,改进了燃烧室内部结构和进气设备,以及电路和光路,解决了排烟问题,使实验压力由原来的1MPa提高到6.4MPa。     

舱外航天服热控系统仿真

针对人体穿着航天服处于过热状态下的散热问题，在分别建立人体热调节系统、金属氢化物冷源和液冷服数学模型的基础上，将3个模型进行结合，对舱外航天服热控系统在5．5h的时间轴上进行综合的仿真计算，求出人体各节段的温度分布情况，液冷服的入口及出口水温，金属氢化物冷源的出口水温等参数，分析航天员的热舒适性，对航天服热控系统的设计有一定的指导作用，并为今后进一步的研究打下了基础．     

热电偶响应对激光脉冲法测量热扩散率的影响

用激光脉冲法测量热扩散率时，作为感温元件的热电偶总有一定的响应时间。试样达到最大温升的时间比较短时，热电偶响应时间所带来的测量误差就不能忽略不计。将热电偶处理为一阶测量环节，导出了考虑热电偶响应时间的试样背面温升表达式和修正关系曲线，并据此对实验结果进行修正。结果表明：经修正后的结果和文献［１］中提供的数据相吻合。     

外差干涉型光纤应变传感技术的研究

研究了一种采用高双折射纤模间干涉的应变传感器。传感器利用注入结电流直接调频的半导体激光（ＬＤ）产生外差干涉，从而实现了干涉相位的线性检测。实验结果显示干涉相位的分辨力为一个干涉条纹的２．５％，其相应的光纤应变是３６×１０－６ｍ。     

液冷模块的热仿真分析

运用基于CFD的热仿真软件Flotherm对液冷模块进行了热仿真分析,分别研究了在不同环境温度,不同冷却液流量以及不同冷却液温度条件下,液冷模块内部温度场的变化规律。仿真分析结果表明,环境温度对液冷模块的温度场影响非常小;液冷模块冷却液流量的增幅与元器件温度的降幅并非正比关系;元器件温度的升幅与冷却液温度的增幅相同。     

高精度光栅干涉测量技术及仪器

在超精密测量和控制技术中，对测量精度提出了越来越高的要求，如尺寸精度１ｎｍ和角度０．００１。由于光栅具有精度高、抗干扰能力强、寿命长和价格便宜等优点，最近几年光栅干涉测量技术被广泛研究和使用。本文简单介绍几种在超精密测量和制造过程中常用的微纳米光栅干涉测量技术。     

激光干涉正弦法小角度测量中有关问题探讨

分析了小角度正弦激光干涉仪的有关特性，叙述了这种方法的测量原理，计算了几种因素对测量准确度的影响，指出提高测量准确度的解决办法。     

L׳ADROIT – A spaceborne ultraviolet laser system for space debris clearing

Small (1–10 cm) debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are extremely dangerous, because they spread the breakup cascade. Pulsed laser active debris removal using laser ablation jets on target is the most cost-effective way to re-enter the small debris. No other solutions address the whole problem of large (~100 cm, 1 t) as well as small debris. Physical removal of small debris (by nets, tethers and so on) is uneconomical because of the energy cost of matching orbits. In this paper, we present a completely new proposal relative to our earlier work. This new approach uses rapid, head-on interaction in 10–40 s rather than 4 minutes, using 20–40 kW bursts of 100 ps, 355 nm UV pulses from a 1.5 m diameter aperture on a space-based station in LEO. The station employs “heat-capacity” laser mode with low duty cycle to create an adaptable, robust, dual-mode system which can lower or raise large derelict objects into less dangerous orbits, as well as clear out the small debris in a 400-km thick LEO band. Time-average laser optical power is less than 15 kW. The combination of short pulses and UV wavelength gives lower required fluence on target as well as higher momentum coupling coefficient. An orbiting system can have short range because of high interaction rate deriving from its velocity through the debris field. This leads to much smaller mirrors and lower average power than the ground-based systems we have considered previously. Our system also permits strong defense of specific assets. Analysis gives an estimated cost less than $1 k each to re-enter most small debris in a few months, and about 280 k$ each to raise or lower 1-ton objects by 40 km. We believe it can do this for 2000 such large objects in about four years. Laser ablation is one of the few interactions in nature that propel a distant object without any significant reaction on the source.     

Spin parameters of Low Earth Orbiting satellites Larets and Stella determined from Satellite Laser Ranging data

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements contain information about the spin parameters of the fully passive, geodetic satellites. In this paper we spectrally analyze the SLR data of 5 geodetic satellites placed on the Low Earth Orbits: GFZ-1, WESTPAC, Larets, Starlette, Stella, and successfully retrieve the frequency signal from Larets and Stella only. The obtained signals indicate an exponential increase of the spin period of Larets: T = 0.860499·exp(0.0197066·D) [s], and Stella: T = 13.5582·exp(0.00431232·D) [s], where D is in days since launch. The initial spin periods calculated from the first month of the SLR observations are: Larets: T_initial = 0.8239 s, Stella: T_initial = 13.2048 s. Analysis of the apparent effects indicates the counter-clockwise spin direction of the satellites. The twice more heavy Stella lost its rotational energy more than four times slower than Larets. Fitting the spin model to the observed spin trends allows determination of the spin axis orientation evolution for Larets and Stella before their rotational period becomes equal to the orbital period.     

Examining LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy to generate a detailed stand map in a mixed forest in the north-west of Turkey

Although stand delineation approach based on aerial photographs and field survey produces high accuracy maps, it is labour-intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, conventional forest stand maps may have some uncertainties that can hardly be verified due to the experiments and skills of photo-interpreters. Therefore, researchers have been seeking more objective and cost-effective methods for forest mapping. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data have a high potential to automatically delineate forest stands. Unlike optical sensors, LiDAR height data provides information about both the horizontal and vertical structural characteristics of forest stands. However, it deprives of spectral data that may be successfully used in separating tree species. In this study, we investigate the potential of LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy for the automatic generation of a detailed forest stand map which can be used for a tactical forest management plan. Firstly, image segmentation was applied to LiDAR data alone and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set in order to obtain the most suitable image objects representing forest stands. Visual inspection of the segmentation results showed that image objects based on the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set were more compatible with the reference forest stand boundaries. After the segmentation process, the LiDAR and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data sets were independently classified using object-based classification method. We tested two levels of classification. The first was a detailed classification with 14 classes considering reference stand types. The second was the rough classification with 9 classes where some stand types were combined. The mean, standard deviation and texture features of LiDAR metrics and spectral information were used in the classification. The accuracy assessment results of LiDAR data showed that the Overall Accuracy (OA) was calculated as 0.31 and 0.43, and the Kappa Index (KIA) was calculated as 0.26 and 0.32 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. For the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set, the OA values were calculated as 0.50 and 0.61, and the KIA were calculated as 0.46 and 0.55 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. These results showed that the forest stand map derived from the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data synergy is more compatible with the reference forest stand map. In conclusion, it can be said that the forest stand maps produced in this study may provide strategic forest planning needs, but it is not sufficient for tactical forest management plans.