气动塞式喷管底部压强模型研究

为了解寒式喷管底部压强特点，找出快速、准确计算底部压强的方法，实验研究了不同反压下塞式喷管的底部压强，在认识外界反压对塞式喷管流动作用机理的基础上分析如何确定不同的底部气动状态，将采式喷管底部在不同外界反压下的气动状态划分为“三段”，即底部开放段、底部闭合段和底部由开到闭的过渡段，在各段，底郜压强使用不同的计算方法。把数值模拟、实验研究及塞式喷管底部自身特点结合起求，找出采式喷管底部压强的一般规律，建立了适合于工程应用的底部压强计算模型．结合40％和120％截短塞式喷管的实验数据，验证了底部模型的正确性。塞式喷管底部流动是超声速流的大分离流动，该模型对底部压强的预示比有限差分法具有更高的精度。     

Experimental study of entrainment phenomenon in a trapped vortex combustor

Trapped vortex combustor (TVC) is an advanced low-pollution gas turbine combustor, with the adoption of staged combustion technique. To achieve low-pollutant emission and better combustion performance, the proportion of the air flow in each combustion zone should be precisely determined in the design of the combustor. Due to the presence of entrainment phenomenon, the total air flow in the cavity zone is difficult to estimate. To overcome the measurement difficulty, this study adopts the indirect measurement approach in the experimental research of entrainment phenomenon in the cavity. In accordance with the measurement principle, a TVC model fueled by methane is designed. Under two experimental conditions, i.e. with and without direct air intake in the cavity, the influence of the mainstream air flow velocity, the air intake velocity in the cavity, the height of inlet channel, the structure of holder and the structural proportion of the cavity on entrainment in the cavity is studied, respectively, through experiment at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The results suggest that the air flow velocity of mainstream, the air intake velocity of the cavity and the structure of the holder exert significant influence on the air entrainment, while the influence of structural proportion of the cavity is comparatively insignificant. The square root of momentum ratio of cavity air to mainstream air could be used to analyze the correlation of the entrainment data.     

减压器增压过程中的振荡抑制措施

为解决大流量减压器在增压过程中出现的剧烈振荡问题,开展了仿真和试验研究.建立了减压器非稳态模型并开展数值计算,得到了减压器的振荡特性,该特性与试验结果基本一致.根据仿真结果提出了卸荷腔气体从入口管路引入的外置式卸荷方案.结果表明:该方案成功解决了振荡问题,减压器能够持续、稳定地增压.     

Aerospike nozzle contour design and its performance validation

A simplified design and optimization method of aerospike nozzle contour and the results of tests and numerical simulation of aerospike nozzles are presented. The primary nozzle contour is approximated by two circular arcs and a parabola; the plug contour is approximated by a parabola and a third-order polynomial. The maximum total impulse from sea level to design altitude is adopted as objective to optimize the aerospike nozzle contour. Experimental studies were performed on a 6-cell tile-shaped aerospike nozzle, a 1-cell linear aerospike nozzle and a 3-cell aerospike nozzle with round-to-rectangle (RTR) primary nozzles designed by method proposed in present paper. Three aerospike nozzles achieved good altitude compensation capacities in the tests and still had better performance at off-design altitudes compared with that of the bell-shaped nozzle. In cold-flow tests, 6-cell tile-shaped aerospike nozzle and 1-cell linear aerospike nozzle obtained high thrust efficiency at design altitude. Employing gas H₂/gas O₂ (GH₂/GO₂) as propellants, hot-firing tests were carried out on a 3-cell aerospike nozzle engine with RTR primary nozzles. The performance was obtained under two nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) lower than design altitude. Efficiency reached 92.0–93.5% and 95.0–96.0%, respectively. Pressure distribution along plug ramp was measured and the effects of variation in the amount of base bleed on performance were also examined in the tests.     

镁基水冲压发动机三维两相反应流场研究

建立了镁基金属燃料/水冲压发动机三维两相反应流动模型,提出了采用燃烧效率修正一次燃烧温度的方法,对某试验发动机理想和实际工作状态进行了数值模拟,得到了发动机内流场分布趋势,并对计算与试验结果进行了对比,分析了产生误差的原因。结果表明修正燃烧温度后模型更能反映发动机实际工作状态及内流场分布,雾化效果和发动机热损失是影响发动机性能的重要因素,实际工作过程中由于存在凝相金属镁使计算燃烧效率大于试验燃烧效率。     

图像信号预处理的一种算法

提出了针对含有斑、点目标的遥感图像进行有损压缩的一种方法,介绍了去局部均值算法原理,依据3σ准则推导了门限取值公式,给出了算法的流程。通过仿真实验,分析了算法的有效性。     

加盖机械手的PLC控制

介绍了PLC在柔性制造系统加盖机械手中的应用。阐述了加盖机械手的组成及控制流程,并结合机电专业综合实验实训的需求特点,重点研究加盖机械手在专业教学实践中对学生能力的培养。     

水反应金属燃料发动机初步试验

介绍了水反应金属燃料发动机试验系统,提出了水燃比、工作压强及试验燃烧效率计算方法,为试验设计和发动机性能评价提供了依据。对水反应金属燃料发动机进行了试验研究,并根据试验结果对药柱组分、发动机结构及供水系统进行了改进。试验表明,中等含量金属燃料加水后可稳定燃烧,通过增加燃料中镁含量、稳定进水流量和增加补燃室长度等措施,可有效提高发动机燃烧效率。     

高超声速风洞进气道流量系数测量精度影响因素研究

进气道是飞行器动力装置的重要组成部分,准确测量进气道流量系数是进气道风洞试验的重要内容.对来流马赫数Ma =4.5,5.0和6.0状态下皮托管进气道开展流量系数测量研究,通过对比理论值和实测值,获取各状态流量系数修正系数.试验结果表明,随着来流马赫数增加,进气道流量系数与理论值偏差较明显,并逐渐增大.超声速风洞试验通常认为测量截面总温与来流总温相等,通过对测量截面总温与来流总温偏差以及测量截面流场畸变情况的分析,判断测量偏差主要是由测量截面总温等于来流总温的假设导致的.在高超声速风洞试验中,由于模型壁面热交换的存在,测量截面总温低于来流总温,进气道流量系数测量时需要进行总温修正,以提高流量测量精度.     

一类约束阻尼结构动力学建模及其应用

结构系统的劝控制是改善航天器动态特性的重要途径，本文分析了利用约束阻尼结构进行了振动抑制的基本方法，讨论了约束阻尼结构的动力学特性和有限元模型，作为应用实例，本文将约束阻尼结构应用于某大型航天结构，对比附经前后结构的试验莫大记结果，作为一种被动振动控制方法，对航天结构抑制是有效和可行的。