正电子素的络合作用

本文介绍了正电子素及其络合作用。讨论了正电子素络合反应速度常数的测量方法。比较了几种线性自由能的表达式。     

椭圆轨道卫星编队燃料最优机动实时算法

文章针对椭圆轨道编队卫星最优燃料机动的实时计算问题进行研究。利用LGL伪谱法对问题进行快速求解。由于最优燃料控制为非连续控制,如直接采用伪谱法则只有当离散点数目很大时,才能实现较高精度的编队机动控制,而这会影响算法的实时计算效率。为了克服这方面的不足,文章提出了一种时间尺度变换策略,并结合模型预测的滚动优化方法,设计了一种编队实时机动控制算法。该算法在兼顾解的全局最优性的同时改善了解的局部精确性,最后通过数值仿真验证了所设计算法的有效性。     

Epochwise prediction of GPS single differenced ionospheric delays of formation flying spacecraft

Both single and dual frequency GPS relative navigation filters may benefit from proper predictions of single differenced ionospheric delays. In this article, the single differenced ionospheric delays of GPS observations are predicted for the GRACE formation during the switch manoeuvre.Two prediction methods are considered. The first is based on a Taylor expansion to first order of a mapping function that maps slant total electron content measurements to vertical total electron content estimates. The second method fits a shape profile through undifferenced ionospheric data available. It then raytraces through this profile to estimate the difference in total electron content along the path of the GPS signals.Continuously changing ionospheric conditions hamper the assessment of the quality of the predictions. Comparison of both methods shows that the raytracing method performs better. The difference of predictions and measurements generally shows a smaller RMS than the measurements alone. However, both methods suffer from a number of systematically unpredicted observations, which arise from small unaccounted differential variations in electron densities along the path of the GPS signals. These prediction methods perform better when spacecraft separation is small. Baselines considered here range from tens of kilometres down to several hundred metres. When smallest spacecraft separation occurs (0.4 km), the single differenced ionospheric delays exhibit RMS values of 0.0089 m. The first method shows a difference between measurements and predictions with an RMS of 0.0081 m. For the second method the difference RMS is found to be 0.0067 m.     

工艺参数对2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长的影响

研究了正／负向电流密度、频率和正／负向占空比对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）,分析了不同氧化时间陶瓷层表面和截面形貌、成分和相组成,讨论了陶瓷层的生长过程。研究表明,正／负向电流密度相同时,随电流密度的增加膜层厚度增大;而当正向电流密度相同时,负向电流密度增加有利于膜层的生长;成膜速率随脉冲频率和负向占空比增加,均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;陶瓷层总厚度随氧化时间接近于线性增长,致密层占总膜层的比例先快速增加,其后略微下降。SEM结果显示,随氧化时间延长,样品表面膜厚度趋于均匀,界面处氧化膜变得比较平坦。陶瓷层主要由α—Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,随氧化时间的延长,γ-Al2O3相在陶瓷层中的相对含量逐渐减少。而α-Al2O3相的含量逐渐提高。     

航天器编队飞行轨道构型研究

通过研究航天器编队飞行轨道动力学和推力控制,提出编队飞行轨道构型有自然式、强迫式和混合式三类,并对每类都举例说明若干种典型构型,以及构型如何建造与所需燃料,文章总共提出14种典型轨道构型,这些构型可供今后编队飞行应用参考。     

Feasibility study of LEO,GEO and Molniya orbit based satellite solar power station for some identified sites in India

The analysis of satellite solar power station (SSPS) is carried out for some specified locations (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru) in India and consequently the performance of the system is evaluated for geostationary earth orbit (GEO) based SSPS, low earth orbit (LEO) based SSPS and Molniya (quasi geostationary) orbit based SSPS for sites located at different latitudes. The analysis of power; received energy over a year and weight of the rectenna array for the same beam intensity showed varied results for Molniya orbit based SSPS, LEO based SSPS and GEO based SSPS. The power delivered by the LEO SSPS was highest which indicated that this SSPS may be efficient for the short term power requirement. However, it is observed from the results of the energy received over a year that the GEO based system is suitable for base load power plant as it is capable of delivering constant energy through out a year. Further, the weight of the rectenna and hence the space required for ground station for same power output is smallest for Molniya orbit based system for a range of rectenna array radius considered. It is thus envisaged that the Molniya orbit based system would be a better choice for commercial use of SSPS. These findings may help for judicious selection of satellite orbit and ground station location for placing the satellite for SSPS for various applications.     

基于IMC设备的直升机飞行测试系统研究

本文针对直升机飞行测试的特点,详细介绍了以IMC数据采集系统为核心的直升机飞行测试系统,以及该系统在直升机飞行测试中的实际应用.     

飞翼式客机机翼气动/结构综合优化方法研究

针对目前在飞翼客机机翼优化过程中对气动弹性效应考虑不充分、气动/结构耦合不充分的问题,分别对飞翼客机机翼的CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics,简称CFD）气动模型、平板气动模型和三维板杆模型进行参数化建模,开展了针对飞翼布局客机机翼的气动/结构综合优化设计的研究,搭建了一套基于Kriging模型的前瞻性设计方法,获得了机翼最优的气动外形和结构构型,在有效降低机翼结构重量的同时,显著地减少了气动阻力。在满足精度及效率的前提下,气动子学科选用亚声速偶极子格网法以及基于Euler方程的CFD方法,结构子学科选用有限元分析方法,优化算法采用遗传算法。     

基于空间隔离的低轨卫星系统频谱共享方法

随着业务需求的全球性增长,传统低频波段有限的频谱资源已不能满足低轨（LEO）卫星的业务承载要求,采用Ka频段的LEO星座系统设计成为了主流。然而,采用Ka频段的LEO星座系统不可避免地会对同频段已经存在的静止轨道（GEO）卫星系统产生干扰。首先,通过基于空间隔离的干扰规避方法,采用对LEO与GEO的频谱共用系统设置隔离角来进行上下行场景的干扰消除,使该LEO系统能满足国际电信联盟（ITU）对同频段内通信干扰的约束条件;然后,通过引入GEO带的概念,分析并研究了干扰规避区域的确定方法和其对LEO星座密度的影响。最后,通过仿真得出了干扰隔离角、GEO带与LEO星座密度的关系,得到了在采用隔离角的方式进行干扰避让时满足LEO星座系统业务不中断所需要的最小卫星数量,对LEO星座设计具有一定的指导意义。      

Extragalactic observations and future missions

We briefly review some questions of extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology that would most benefit from future missions outside the Earth's atmosphere in the IR and submillimeter. These include the formation and early evolution phases in galaxies and the probably related question of quasar formation; the observation of Active Galactic Nuclei embedded in thick dusty structures (torii) and its impact on the still debated unified model of AGN activity; the observability of radiation processes occurring at very highz through background measurements; the investigation of the large scale structure and velocity field in the distant universe; and studies of the interstellar medium in galaxies. Some more emphasis is given on the galaxy formation problem, because we believe that IR-mm sensitive observations will be crucial to its final solution.