原位法制备C/C复合材料SiC/Si-Al2O3-mullite复合抗氧化涂层

 以Si和Al₂O₃为原料,采用原位生成法在带有SiC内涂层的炭/炭（C/C）复合材料表面制备出Si-Al₂O₃-mullite（莫来石）抗氧化涂层。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和氧化实验研究了Al₂O₃含量等工艺因素对Si-Al2O3-mullite涂层的物相组成、结构形貌、抗氧化性能影响。结果表明：Al₂O₃质量含量为30%~40%时,涂层主要由Si,mullite和Al₂O₃三相组成,涂层致密无裂纹,抗氧化性能最佳。在1 500 ℃等温氧化测试显示,SiC/Si-Al₂O₃-mullite复合涂层比单一的SiC涂层抗氧化性能有明显提高,1 500 ℃等温氧化75 h试样失重为4.6%。涂层试样失重的主要原因是涂层中产生了不可愈合的孔隙缺陷。     

Spacecraft formation flying for Earth-crossing object deflections using a power limited laser ablating

A formation flying strategy with an Earth-crossing object (ECO) is proposed to avoid the Earth collision. Assuming that a future conceptual spacecraft equipped with a powerful laser ablation tool already rendezvoused with a fictitious Earth collision object, the optimal required laser operating duration and direction histories are accurately derived to miss the Earth. Based on these results, the concept of formation flying between the object and the spacecraft is applied and analyzed as to establish the spacecraft’s orbital motion design strategy. A fictitious “Apophis”-like object is established to impact with the Earth and two major deflection scenarios are designed and analyzed. These scenarios include the cases for the both short and long laser operating duration to avoid the Earth impact. Also, requirement of onboard laser tool’s for both cases are discussed. As a result, the optimal initial conditions for the spacecraft to maintain its relative trajectory to the object are discovered. Additionally, the discovered optimal initial conditions also satisfied the optimal required laser operating conditions with no additional spacecraft’s own fuel expenditure to achieve the spacecraft formation flying with the ECO. The initial conditions founded in the current research can be used as a spacecraft’s initial rendezvous points with the ECO when designing the future deflection missions with laser ablation tools. The results with proposed strategy are expected to make more advances in the fields of the conceptual studies, especially for the future deflection missions using powerful laser ablation tools.     

小展弦比飞翼战机滚转轴操纵效能需求特性

基于MIL-STD-1797A中关于Ⅳ类飞机的飞行品质规范,对小展弦比飞翼战机的滚转轴操纵效能进行了研究.建立了滚转性能要求和滚转操纵效能要求之间的关系,由于翼身融为一体,飞翼的滚转轴转动惯量通常比常规战斗机大很多,因此其对滚转轴操纵效能的需求更大;由于取消了垂尾,小展弦比飞翼的横向静稳定性较小,操纵面偏转产生的侧力也较小;由于采用多组新型操纵面及控制分配技术,飞翼战机可以实现三轴操纵解耦;因此在侧风起降、非对称装载情形下,与常规飞机相比,小展弦比飞翼战机对滚转轴操纵效能的需求具有诸多新特点.     

一种飞翼布局横航向特性的控制研究

给出了在一种飞翼布局上多种气动措施对该布局航向特性影响的探索性研究,包括机头安装不对称边条,机翼前缘不对称安装绕流物以及机头不同位置微量吹气等.结果表明这些措施都能提供航向控制力矩,其中头部边条的作用最明显,头部不对称切向吹气提供的航向控制能力也能达到常规方向舵的水平.     

航天器的低轨道卫星网络接入

随着空间技术的发展,航天器网络化的趋势不断增强。航天器不仅需要将数据实时地传输到地面,而且需要与其他航天器实现信息共享。通过建设LEO卫星网,容易实现航天器的数据传输与共享,但是航天器的网络接入是研究难点之一。如果针对不同系统采用不同的接入方法,将增加接入的复杂度。通过采用区域路由方法,提出一种通用的接入方法,不仅简化了航天器卫星网络的接入,也简化卫星网络系统的设计,实现了接入方法与网络设计的适当分离。计算机模拟表明该方法的可行性。     

开放式柔性测试系统测试资源联盟生成

为了解决开放式柔性测试系统(OFTS,Open Flexible Test System)的快速组建和按需生成问题,首先将复杂测试任务分解成可以用基本信号类型表示的子任务集合,然后参考多色集合理论的元素统一颜色、个人颜色等概念,建立了柔性测试最优资源联盟生成问题的数学描述模型.根据测试系统的实际情况,在模型中考虑了各个信号类型之间的资源共用问题,避免了系统组建后规模的过度复杂以及测试资源的浪费.以资源使用代价最小为目标函数,设计了基于蚁群优化算法的测试资源联盟生成算法,最后通过具体的资源联盟生成实例验证了模型的有效性和算法的优越性.      

切换拓扑下无人机集群系统时变编队控制

针对多无人机(UAV)间通信拓扑可能发生变化的情况,研究了具有二阶积分特性的无人机集群系统的轨迹跟踪与时变编队控制问题。基于一致性方法设计了编队控制器,将编队控制问题转换成闭环系统的稳定性问题,引入了切换拓扑平均驻留时间的概念,并在此基础上利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法,给出了控制器设计步骤。通过构造分段连续Lyapunov函数,证明了切换拓扑下无人机集群系统能够实现对指定轨迹的跟踪并且实现时变编队飞行。以三维空间运动的无人机集群系统为例进行了仿真验证,结果表明本文所提方法能够解决切换拓扑下无人机集群系统的轨迹跟踪与时变编队问题。     

Formation of interlayer gap and control of interlayer burr in dry drilling of stacked aluminum alloy plates

In aircraft assembly, interlayer burr formation in dry drilling of stacked metal materials is a common problem. Traditional manual deburring operation seriously affects the assembly qual-ity and assembly efficiency, is time-consuming and costly, and is not conducive to aircraft automatic assembly based on industrial robot. In this paper, the formation of drilling exit burr and the influ-ence of interlayer gap on interlayer burr formation were studied, and the mechanism of interlayer gap formation in drilling stacked aluminum alloy plates was investigated, a simplified mathematical model of interlayer gap based on the theory of plates and shells and finite element method was established. The relationship between interlayer gap and interlayer burr, as well as the effect of feed rate and pressing force on interlayer burr height and interlayer gap was discussed. The result shows that theoretical interlayer gap has a positive correlation with interlayer burr height and preloading pressing force is an effective method to control interlayer burr formation.     

飞翼布局无人机保形非对称S弯进气道设计及优化

基于国产动力约束及隐身设计要求,针对飞翼布局无人机双发动机布局进行了保形S弯进气道设计,为进一步提高进气道性能,开展了进气道优化设计研究.首先利用CFD（计算流体动力学）方法对保形进气道风洞模型进行验证,然后结合参数化建模和网格自动生成技术进行CFD数值模拟,最后利用RBF（radial basis function neural network）代理模型及多岛遗传算法开展进气道优化设计.结果表明:①优化后进气道性能有所改善,尤其表现在4°迎角之后性能明显提升,Ma=0.6下4°迎角时总压恢复系数提高了5.46%,畸变指数降低了38.7%;②优化后进气道截面积分布相比初始构型在前段更缓和而后段略微升高,中心线则在前1/3段与初始构型基本一致,之后曲率变化更加平缓;③保形进气道在出口截面具有较强的二次流,侧滑角对于此类进气道在小迎角下影响较小而大迎角时影响较大,设计时应关注大迎角时侧滑特性.      

高速飞行弹箭目标表面动态热辐射

针对红外系统实时跟踪捕获高速飞行弹箭目标的关键问题,提出了一种用于求解其全弹道动态红外辐射（IR）特性的方法.以典型155mm口径无控弹箭为研究对象,基于Simulink建立了模块化的6自由度(DOF)刚体弹道仿真模型,数值计算并分析了弹道诸元的变化规律.应用热网络法建立了弹体表面耦合换热动态热辐射场的物理模型,推导了弹箭高速旋转飞行的气动加热计算模型,并利用蒙特卡洛(M-C)法考虑了环境热辐射的影响.运用Runge-Kutta法耦合求解节点热平衡方程组,得到了动态气动表面传热系数、温度场以及红外辐射场的分布规律,对比分析了目标在整个飞行过程、不同部位、不同波段内的红外辐射特征.结果表明:目标发射后,其表面温度迅速升高,越靠近弹头部,温度升高速率越快,峰值温度越高;在飞行前20s内,其红外辐射特征明显;随着飞行速度衰减,热量散失较快,辐射强度较弱,且主要集中于8～14μm波段.